Introduction and Overview on Myopia: A Clinical Perspective

Wong, Chee Wai; Brennan, Noel A.; Ang, Marcus

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-8491-2_1

Cited by 13 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 235 publications

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“…Ocular conditions such as high hyperopia (more than 5 dioptres), high myopia (spherical equivalent of −5D or greater),[ 19 20 ] ptosis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC), and keratoconus were coded separately. If there were no reasons for VI, the children were grouped under “unidentified cause.” Children with more than one ocular condition were grouped under the primary cause.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profile of ocular conditions from school eye screening in Southern India

Chandrasekar

Rangavittal

Krishnamurthy

et al. 2022

Indian J Ophthalmol

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Purpose: To profile the presentation of ocular conditions among school children aged 6 to 17 years from the south Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Methods: The study was conducted as part of a school eye health program in Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu that aimed to address the refractive needs of children (6–17 years) between July 2016 and June 2019. The study followed a three-phase protocol, which included visual acuity test, modified clinical test, color vision test, binocular vision assessment, objective and subjective refraction, dispensing spectacles, posterior segment evaluation using direct ophthalmoscopy, and referral to the base hospital. The demographics, clinical details, and ocular conditions (classified under 16 categories) were analyzed. Profiling and association of ocular conditions among different locations, types of schools, class grades, and gender were presented. Results: Data of 2,45,565 children were analyzed from 1,047 schools, of which 4,816 (1.96%) children were identified with ocular conditions other than refractive errors. The common reasons for referral were high myopia 901 (0.37%), strabismus 819 (0.33%), and amblyopia 691 (0.28%). Retinal problems (odds ratio [OR]: 1.65, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.22–2.22, P = 0.001) and strabismus (OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 1.21–1.65, P < 0.001) were the conditions prevalent in the rural location. Cataract and related conditions (OR: 5.73, 95% CI: 4.10–8.01, P < 0.001) and retinal problems (OR: 4.76, 95% CI: 3.37–6.72, P < 0.001) were common in children studying in public schools. Of the 16 categories, 13 conditions were seen among primary school children. Vernal keratoconjunctivitis (OR: 3.64 95% CI: 2.12–6.23 P < 0.001) was common among males. Conclusion: The study profiled ocular conditions among school children. Most ocular conditions warrant prolonged care and specialty eye care services. Ensuring the availability of such services and follow-up after school eye screening would safeguard the visual development of these children.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profile of ocular conditions from school eye screening in Southern India

Chandrasekar

Rangavittal

Krishnamurthy

et al. 2022

Indian J Ophthalmol

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“…Myopia is a disorder induced by the elongation of the eyeball and increased curvature of the cornea, which results in parallel light rays entering the eye failing to concentrate in front of the retina, rendering distant objects incorrect [18,19]. Several risk factors for myopia have been discovered, including genetic factors, less time outside, longer near work, a shorter reading distance, and a positive family history of myopia.…”

Section: Myopiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectacles and orthokeratology lenses as non‑operative management in myopia: a brief review

et al. 2022

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Myopia or nearsightedness is a condition caused by inaccurate light rays being perceived on the retina. It is caused by elongation of the eyeball and increased curvature of the cornea. In myopia, parallel light rays entering the eye are not focusing on the retina. Spectacles lens and orthokeratology therapy were two treatments option for myopia. This literature review aims to compare two non-operative treatment options in myopia cases, especially the spectacles lens glasses and orthokeratology, including the advantages and disadvantages of each therapy. The literature search in this review was carried out using Pubmed and Google Scholar databases with three main keywords: myopia, perifocal lens, and orthokeratology. Fifty articles were obtained as references. Highly aspherical lenslets (HAL) of spectacles lens showed a positive effect on reducing low contrast visual acuity. Unfortunately, lens decentration could occur in spectacles lens users, resulting in an induced prismatic effect in the future. Besides, wearing an orthokeratology lens significantly affects the central corneal zone flattening and increases the relative corneal refractive power (RCRP). However, if the user stops using orthokeratology lenses, the cornea could be returned to its original shape within a few days. Conclusion: Spectacles lens and Orthokeratology have some benefits and limitations in preventing myopia progression. Therapy selection must continue to be individualized for each patient to enhance recovery outcomes.

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“…According to the American Academy of Ophthalmology, the prevalence of myopia increasing by over 80 million and occur in over 28% total from the global population (Wong et al, 2020) Many risk factors play important role in the growth of myopia for instance genetic factors and environmental factors. The genetic factors inherited from parents who also have myopia, it was also found that the Asian race for instance Chinese has a higher prevalence compared to others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Form Deprivation Myopia (FDM) Effect in Sclera Layer of Animal Model: A Literature Review

Rahmani¹,

Indriaswati²

2022

IJRP

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Myopia as an abnormal eye condition that gives blurry vision due to the image lies in front of the retina. It becomes an epidemic case in the world as the prevalence keeps increasing over time. Experimental studies using animals are useful to understand the establishment of myopia so that it can be used for further study in preventing myopia. Form deprivation myopia (FDM) is one of the most common methods to make a myopic condition in the eye of the animal model with many parameters to measure, hence the purpose of this article is to review the form deprivation myopia effect in the sclera layer of the animal model's eye.

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Introduction and Overview on Myopia: A Clinical Perspective

Cited by 13 publications

References 235 publications

Profile of ocular conditions from school eye screening in Southern India

Profile of ocular conditions from school eye screening in Southern India

Spectacles and orthokeratology lenses as non‑operative management in myopia: a brief review

Form Deprivation Myopia (FDM) Effect in Sclera Layer of Animal Model: A Literature Review

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