“…An action model is a type of process model that provides practical guidance in the planning and execution of implementation endeavours and/or implementation strategies to facilitate implementation. Note that the terms “model” and “framework” are both used, but the former appears to be the most common Model by Huberman [ 40 ], model by Landry et al [ 41 ], model by Davies et al [ 43 ], model by Majdzadeh et al [ 44 ], the CIHR Model of Knowledge Translation [ 42 ], the K2A Framework [ 15 ], the Stetler Model [ 47 ], the ACE Star Model of Knowledge Transformation [ 48 ], the Knowledge-to-Action Model [ 13 ], the Iowa Model [ 49 , 50 ], the Ottawa Model [ 51 , 52 ], model by Grol and Wensing [ 53 ], model by Pronovost et al [ 54 ], the Quality Implementation Framework [ 27 ] | Determinant frameworks | Specify types (also known as classes or domains) of determinants and individual determinants, which act as barriers and enablers (independent variables) that influence implementation outcomes (dependent variables). Some frameworks also specify relationships between some types of determinants. |
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