Introduction. Adaptation to the annual cycle

McNamara, John M.; Houston, Alasdair I.

doi:10.1098/rstb.2007.2192

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Birds, as a highly visible group, are regarded as sentinels of change and their scheduling is particularly well documented (e.g. Jonzén et al, 2007;McNamara and Houston, 2008;Wingfield et al, 2008).Avian itineraries differ between species in a given habitat and often also within species, depending on geographical location. With increasing latitude, birds generally have shorter reproductive periods, breed later and moult faster than at lower latitudes.…”

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Circannual basis of geographically distinct bird schedules

Helm

Schwabl

Gwinner

2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Most environments are to some extent seasonal. Their inhabitants time annual activities like reproduction, germination, pupation, moult, hibernation or migration to match the changing seasons and often anticipate conducive conditions well in advance. Seasonal activities must be accurately timed because mismatches with the environment can have severe fitness consequences; however, the particular timing differs considerably with species ecology, environmental seasonality and year-to-year conditions (Lack, 1950;Bradshaw and Holzapfel, 2007;Newton, 2008;Foster and Kreitzman, 2009). Understanding the intricacies of timing has become of urgent interest in view of the disconcerting rate of global change and its implications for seasonality (Bradshaw and Holzapfel, 2006;Bradshaw and Holzapfel, 2007;Visser, 2008). Birds, as a highly visible group, are regarded as sentinels of change and their scheduling is particularly well documented (e.g. Jonzén et al., 2007;McNamara and Houston, 2008;Wingfield et al., 2008).Avian itineraries differ between species in a given habitat and often also within species, depending on geographical location. With increasing latitude, birds generally have shorter reproductive periods, breed later and moult faster than at lower latitudes. Schedules also differ between habitats at given latitudes, e.g. associated with altitude, urbanisation and climatic gradients (Baker, 1938;Lack, 1950;Curry-Lindhal, 1963;Klein, 1974;Murton and Westwood, 1977;Widmer, 1998;Partecke et al., 2004;Perfito et al., 2004;Moore et al., 2005;Partecke et al., 2005;Newton, 2008). Hence, closely related taxa and populations may show distinct timing.The basis of these distinct schedules is still largely unclear. In general, timing involves an inherited background mechanism that provides a temporal framework. It buffers organisms from misleading information, e.g. warm spells in winter, while integrating reliable, predictive, temporal cues -predominantly photoperiod (i.e. the light fraction of the day) (Murton and Westwood, 1977;Gwinner, 1986;Prendergast et al., 2002;Bradshaw and Holzapfel, 2007). Within this framework, schedules may be further modified by environmental conditions, for instance, temperature or food availability (Wingfield, 1980;Hahn et al., 1992;Hahn et al., 1997;Dawson, 2008). The resulting compromise between rigid preprogrammed timing and environmental flexibility should accommodate the requirements of a given species in its given habitat.Geographical differences could therefore arise from phenotypic plasticity in response to local conditions (Perfito et al., 2004;Dawson, 2008;Hahn and MacDougall-Shackleton, 2008). Yet direct environmental control is an insufficient explanation for the scheduling of most seasonal species studied so far. Timing in captivity approximated timing in the wild (Davies et al., 1969;König and Gwinner, 1995;Lambrechts et al., 1997;Lambrechts et al., 1999;Partecke et al., 2004) [but see Perfito et al. (Perfito et al., 2004;Perfito et al., 2008)], indicating the presence of internal tim...

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Circannual basis of geographically distinct bird schedules

Helm

Schwabl

Gwinner

2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Birds, being the most noticeable group, are often used as an indicator of variations in the environment. Their abilities to anticipate periodic environmental cues are well recognized (Jonzén et al 2007;McNamara & Houston 2008;Wingfield et al 2008). Birds adjust their daily activities receiving inputs from various external stimuli, such as day length, light intensity, temperature, humidity, availability of food, and predators.…”

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confidence: 98%

Day length and evening temperature predict circannual variation in activity duration of the colony of the Indian cliff swallow,Hirundo fluvicola

Singh

Kankariya

Pati

et al. 2014

Biological Rhythm Research

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In avian species, circannual rhythms, in a number of biological variables, including locomotor activity, have been studied under both laboratory and natural environmental conditions. However, information on circannual rhythm in daily activity duration of Indian cliff swallow (Hirundo fluvicola) is not available. It is a communal mud nesting, non-migratory species and inhabits low under arch bridges. Although it figures in the IUCN Red List under the least concerned category, it is important to study its behavioral ecology that may be of utmost importance from conservation stand point. In the present investigation, we examined the circannual rhythm in daily activity duration in this species at a communal roosting site under Kharoon river bridge on the Raipur-Bhilai highway (21°15′07.54′′N; 81°32′30.65′′E), Raipur, India, for eight consecutive days, every month from August 2009 to October 2011. On each study day, observations were made in two sessions, morning and evening. We monitored and recorded emergence time of the first bird from the nest in the morning and entry time of the last bird to the nest in the evening. We also recorded the ambient temperature and humidity of the study site simultaneously. Average daily activity duration (the time difference between the first bird's emergence time and the last bird's entry time from/to the nest, respectively) was computed for each month. A significant circannual rhythm in activity duration was validated. The peak of activity rhythm occurred on 22nd June with a spread between 19th June and 25th June. The activity duration was the shortest in winter and the longest in summer. The daily activity duration was positively correlated to the day length, sunset time, and morning and evening temperatures; whereas negatively correlated with the sunrise time, and morning and evening humidity. The multiple linear regression models suggest that day length alone explains 96% of the total variance in activity duration, whereas only 0.5% variance was attributable to evening temperature. We conclude that the day length is the strongest predictor of circannual variation in daily activity duration of the colony of Indian cliff swallow; whereas the evening temperature has very little effect. Further, we recommend that comparable studies under natural conditions might be very helpful to explore the effect of environmental cues on other intriguing behavioral decisions made by this and other avian species.

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“…Our approach is remotely linked to earlier work on optimal life-history strategies (Kozlowski 1996;Roff 2002;McNamara & Houston 2008), but with the difference that a well-tested model of the energy budget of the individual is used, by which means trade-offs are explicitly accounted for. Furthermore, by using AD, there is no need for using optimality criteria that are always arbitrary.…”

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Bifurcation theory, adaptive dynamics and dynamic energy budget-structured populations of iteroparous species

Kooi

Meer

2010

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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In this paper, we describe a technique to evaluate the evolutionary dynamics of the timing of spawning for iteroparous species. The life cycle of the species consists of three life stages, embryonic, juvenile and adult whereby the transitions of life stages (gametogenesis, birth and maturation) occur at species-specific sizes. The dynamics of the population is studied in a semi-chemostat environment where the inflowing food concentration is periodic (annual). A dynamic energy budget-based continuous-time model is used to describe the uptake of the food, storage in reserves and allocation of the energy to growth, maintenance, development (embryos, juveniles) and reproduction (adults). A discrete-event process is used for modelling reproduction. At a fixed spawning date of the year, the reproduction buffer is emptied and a new cohort is formed by eggs with a fixed size and energy content. The population consists of cohorts: for each year one consisting of individuals with the same age which die after their last reproduction event. The resulting mathematical model is a finite-dimensional set of ordinary differential equations with fixed 1-year periodic boundary conditions yielding a stroboscopic map. We will study the evolutionary development of the population using the adaptive dynamics approach. The trait is the timing of spawning. Pairwise and mutual invasibility plots are calculated using bifurcation analysis of the stroboscopic map. The evolutionary singular strategy value belonging to the evolutionary endpoint for the trait allows for an interpretation of the reproduction strategy of the population. In a case study, parameter values from the literature for the bivalve Macoma balthica are used.Keywords: adaptive dynamics; bifurcation analysis; bivalve Macoma balthica; dynamic energy budget-structured model; iteroparous species INTRODUCTIONIn temperate regions, many species show a specific timing of reproduction within the seasonal cycle. In this paper, we develop a technique to evaluate the evolutionary dynamics of the timing of reproduction of iteroparous species. We assume that the annual reproduction occurs at a fixed date in the year, and the evolution of this life-history trait is studied. Our approach combines physiologically structured population modelling to describe the dynamics at the ecological time scale with the adaptive dynamics (AD) approach which occurs at an evolutionary time scale. The developed technique can be used in a bifurcation analysis to explore how the reproduction strategy of the population depends on individual and environmental properties. The life cycle of our model individual consists of three life stages: embryos (no feeding, no reproduction),

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Introduction. Adaptation to the annual cycle

Cited by 3 publications

References 13 publications

Circannual basis of geographically distinct bird schedules

Circannual basis of geographically distinct bird schedules

Day length and evening temperature predict circannual variation in activity duration of the colony of the Indian cliff swallow,Hirundo fluvicola

Bifurcation theory, adaptive dynamics and dynamic energy budget-structured populations of iteroparous species

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