Introduction: A Broad Perspective on the Concepts of Urban Dynamics, Environment, and Health

Sinha, Braj Raj Kumar

doi:10.1007/978-981-99-5744-6_1

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…A public health issue includes old addictions such as alcohol [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ], smoking [ 7 , 8 ], and newer prohibited substances [ 9 ], as well as many medications (benzodiazepines, herbal medicines, and atypical antidepressants) [ 10 ]. The parturient’s anesthetic risk in premature birth [ 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ] may be higher than in the case of a full-term birth due to the immaturity of the child’s nervous system and other factors related to prematurity [ 16 ], such as the pregnant woman’s health condition, exogenous factors, mental status, and socio-economic and emotional conditions. However, anesthesia is often necessary to control pain [ 15 , 17 ] and allow doctors to surgically intervene in specific obstetric indications and anesthetic risks [ 18 , 19 , 20 ] of the patient that may arise during premature birth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Exogenous Factors and Anesthetic Risk in Premature Birth during the Pandemic Period

Tovirnac,

Susanu,

Tovirnac

et al. 2024

Diagnostics

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Background: Premature birth remains a public health problem worldwide, involving a broader context and a multidisciplinary team aimed at combating this phenomenon as much as possible. The consumption of addictive substances by women who are pregnant can occur in different social contexts and at different stages of their lives, which modulate its extent. Obstetricians and anesthetists should consider the anesthetic maternal risks that may arise due to these addictive behaviors. The maternal anesthetic risk is higher in women who are pregnant with a medium-level of education, imbalanced nutrition, stress associated with physical or mental activity, affected sleep hygiene, and failed marriages. Objectives: The objectives of the study refer to analyzing the impact of exogenous factors and the anesthetic risk on premature birth for women who were pregnant during the pandemic period and in women who were pregnant without COVID-19 infection. The authors studied a significant sample of 3588 women who were pregnant without COVID-19 infection, among whom 3291 gave birth at term and 297 gave birth prematurely. Methods: The methods analyzed consist of studying the specialized literature regarding the impact of exogenous factors and parturient’s anesthetic risk on premature birth and identifying the regional risk profile of women who are pregnant in the southeast region of Romania compared to that identified in the specialized literature. In the analytical methods, we used a linear regression to study the incidence of exogenous risk factors on anesthetic risk in women who were pregnant with premature births compared to those with full-term births. Results: The results confirm the significant impact of exogenous factors on anesthetic risk and the significant impact of anesthetic risk on premature births. The novelty of the study lies in highlighting the modification of the regional exogenous risk profile during the pandemic period in southeast Romania due to unfavorable socio-economic causes and the translation of grade I and II prematurity events to higher frequencies with an increased level of maternal anesthetic risk. Conclusions: The study findings show that the anesthetic risk is maximized in parturients with a middle school education. Additionally, the anesthetic risk of patients who are pregnant increases with the intensification of smoking adherence and its maintenance throughout the pregnancy at the same intensity. Our study aims to provide a basis for the diversification and development of community intervention programs in the post-COVID-19 era, considering the reshaping of social models and the repositioning of social principles and values. Obstetricians and anesthetists must know and promote family values to harmonize the lives of family members and provide a better life for the mother and child.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Exogenous Factors and Anesthetic Risk in Premature Birth during the Pandemic Period

Tovirnac,

Susanu,

Tovirnac

et al. 2024

Diagnostics

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Public Health Surveillance of Pediatric Polio in Pakistan: A Cohort Study

Rajput,

Noor,

Khan

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Background and objectivePolio continues to be endemic in Pakistan despite substantial international efforts to combat it, which presents a serious public health concern. Strategies for eradicating polio depend on understanding the dynamics of pediatric polio transmission and the efficacy of surveillance. This research study aimed to critically evaluate the public health surveillance system for pediatric polio in Pakistan and propose recommendations for improvement. MethodologyThis study was conducted from June 2020 to July 2023 in three well-known hospitals in different areas of Pakistan and involved 26 patients. Reviews of medical records, interviews, and surveillance report analysis were all part of the data collection process. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and logistic regression analysis were performed using SPSS Statistics version 27.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY) with the statistical significance set at p<0.05. ResultsThe highest incidence of polio was observed in children aged 13-24 months (nine patients, 34.62%), with males accounting for 14 cases (53.85%) and urban residents 16 cases (61.54%). Vaccination status significantly influences disease incidence (p<0.001), with two patients (7.69%) unvaccinated, 10 patients (38.46%) partially vaccinated, and 14 patients (53.85%) fully vaccinated. Paralysis was the predominant symptom in 16 patients (61.54%). Recovery outcomes varied, with eight patients (31%) fully recovering, 12 patients (46%) showing partial improvement, and six patients (23%) experiencing chronic motor impairments. Effective surveillance depends on timely reporting [odds ratio (OR): 2.15, p<0.001] and healthcare worker training (OR: 1.67, p<0.001), highlighting crucial aspects of polio management strategies. ConclusionsBased on our findings, vaccination status significantly impacts polio occurrence, with a notable proportion found in partially vaccinated or unvaccinated children. Paralysis remains the primary symptom, with varied recovery outcomes, including chronic motor impairments in some cases. This study underscores Pakistan's ongoing challenges with pediatric polio, highlighting the crucial need for improved vaccination, surveillance, and rehabilitation efforts.

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Introduction: A Broad Perspective on the Concepts of Urban Dynamics, Environment, and Health

Cited by 2 publications

References 64 publications

Impact of Exogenous Factors and Anesthetic Risk in Premature Birth during the Pandemic Period

Impact of Exogenous Factors and Anesthetic Risk in Premature Birth during the Pandemic Period

Public Health Surveillance of Pediatric Polio in Pakistan: A Cohort Study

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