Introduction

Zamir, Shamoon

doi:10.1017/ccol9780521871518.001

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…To regulate FAK activity and clustering then, the cell has to either control the amount of FAK itself, or the amount of accessory protein necessary for transduction of the signal of the active FAK sites. We focus here on the protein Src, a 60 kDa tyrosine kinase that activates the kinase domain of FAK [16,7,9,13,14]. Being a smaller protein, its concentration can be altered much faster than the concentration of FAK but we are here using it symbolically for any molecule that can similarly affect the signal transduction between FAK and the cytoskeletal actin network, and thus regulate intracellular forces, clustering of FAK, and the formation of FAs.…”

Section: Limited Supply Of Srcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The structurally defined adhesion sites between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM), that would eventually be called focal adhesions (FA), were first identified over 40 years ago [2], and characterized using electron and interference-reflection microscopy [2,3,4,5]. Since then, immense progress has been made in elucidating their biochemistry and over 50 proteins have been identified as playing a role in the FA function; some of the details of their interactions remain open questions [6,7]. Of particular importance is a 120 kDa tyrosine-kinase protein now called focal adhesion kinase (FAK), whose phosphorylation and spatial distribution were linked with the presence of transmembrane integrins and appropriate extracellular ligands [8,9,10] and which has since been identified as a central node in the FA signalling network [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cooperative mechanosensitivity and allostery of focal adhesion clusters

Foo

Terentjev

2017

Preprint

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We analyse an Ising-like Hamiltonian describing the free energy of cell adhesion on a substrate as a lattice of 3-state mechanosensing sites involving focal adhesion kinase (FAK). We use Monte Carlo stochastic algorithm to find equilibrium configurations of these mechanosensors in two representative geometries: on a 1D ring representing the rim of a cell on flat surface, and a 2D bounded surface representing the whole area of cell contact with flat surface. The level of FAK activation depend on the pulling force applied to the individual FAKintegrin via actin-myosin contractile networks, and the details of the coupling between individual sensors in a cluster. Strong coupling is shown to make the FAK sensors experience a sharp on-off behaviour in their activation, while at low coupling the activation/autoinhibition transition occurs over a broad range of pulling force. We find that the activation/autoinhibition transition of FAK in the 2D system with strong coupling occurs with a hysteresis, the width of which depends on the rate of change of force. The effect of introducing a mediating protein (such as Src) in limited quantity to control FAK activation is explored, and visualizations of clustering in both topologies are presented. In particular the results on the bounded 2D surface indicate that clustering of active FAK occurs preferentially at the boundary, in agreement with experimental observations of focal adhesions in cells.

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Section: Limited Supply Of Srcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cooperative mechanosensitivity and allostery of focal adhesion clusters

Foo

Terentjev

2017

Preprint

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“…Developed mainly in Souls of Black Folk (1903) and Dusk of Dawn (1940) (hereafter, Souls and Dusk , respectively), the theory of Double Consciousness is a phenomenological description of self-formation under conditions of racialization. The theory has long been part of debates among scholars of African American studies (Gilroy 1993; Gooding-Williams 2010; Gordon 2000; Rabaka 2010; Rampersad 1976; Reed 1997; Smith 2004; Zamir 2008). Its sociological importance, however, is barely acknowledged (Blau and Brown, 2001; Lemert 1994; Rawls 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociology and the Theory of Double Consciousness

Itzigsohn

Brown

2015

Du Bois Rev.

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In this paper we emphasize W. E. B. Du Bois's relevance as a sociological theorist, an aspect of his work that has not received the attention it deserves. We focus specifically on the significance of Du Bois's theory of Double Consciousness. This theory argues that in a racialized society there is no true communication or recognition between the racializing and the racialized. Furthermore, Du Bois's theory of Double Consciousness puts racialization at the center of the analysis of self-formation, linking the macro structure of the racialized world with the lived experiences of racialized subjects. We develop our argument in two stages: The first section locates the theory of Double Consciousness within the field of classical sociological theories of the self. We show how the theory addresses gaps in the theorizing of self-formation of James, Mead, and Cooley. The second section presents an analysis of how Du Bois deploys this theory in his phenomenological analysis of the African American experience. The conclusions point out how the theory of Double Consciousness is relevant to contemporary debates in sociological theory.

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“…[1] Since the 1980s, advances in light microscopy have brought about a light tremendous amount of information on the organization of focal adhesions allowing, for example, the visualization of the link between focal adhesions and actin microfilaments and the mapping and co-localization of adhesion proteins, such as vinculin and a-actinin, in intact cells. [2,3] However, conventional fluorescence microscopy is limited by the wave nature of light and cannot yield spatial information below a resolution of 250 nanometers in the lateral (xy) direction. Therefore, information about the organization of focal adhesions below the diffraction limit of fluorescence microscopy remained inaccessible until a few years ago.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insights into Adhesion Biology Using Single‐Molecule Localization Microscopy

et al. 2014

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Focal adhesions are complex multi-protein structures that mediate cell adhesion and cell migration in multicellular organisms. Most of the protein components involved in focal adhesion formation have been identified, but a major challenge remains: determination of the spatial and temporal dynamics of adhesion proteins in order to understand the molecular mechanisms of adhesion assembly, maturation, signal regulation, and disassembly. Progress in this field has been hampered by the limited resolution of fluorescence microscopy. Recent advances have led to the development of super-resolution techniques including single-molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). Here, we discuss how the application of these techniques has revealed important new insights into focal adhesion structure and dynamics, including the first description of the three-dimensional nano-architecture of focal adhesions and of the dynamic exchange of integrins in focal adhesions. Hence, SMLM has contributed to the refinement of existing models of adhesions as well as the establishment of novel models, thereby opening new research directions. With current improvements in SMLM instrumentation and analysis, it has become possible to study cellular adhesions at the single-molecule level.

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Introduction

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Cooperative mechanosensitivity and allostery of focal adhesion clusters

Cooperative mechanosensitivity and allostery of focal adhesion clusters

Sociology and the Theory of Double Consciousness

Insights into Adhesion Biology Using Single‐Molecule Localization Microscopy

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