Introduction

Kockelman, William J.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-5454-6_1

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…With extreme temperatures, low and erratic rainfall and high evaporation rates, soil and plant recovery in arid environments is inherently slow (Kockelman, 1983;Prose and Wilshire, 2000). Previous studies have indicated that natural recovery of severely disturbed and compacted desert soil is extremely slow and, some researchers have suggested that the subsurface compaction may not recover at all.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Land and vegetation degradation in war-affected areas in the Sabah Al-Ahmad Nature Reserve of Kuwait: A case study of Umm. Ar. Rimam

Omar

Bhat

Shahid

et al. 2005

Journal of Arid Environments

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Land and vegetation degradation in war-affected areas in the Sabah Al-Ahmad Nature Reserve of Kuwait: A case study of Umm. Ar. Rimam

Omar

Bhat

Shahid

et al. 2005

Journal of Arid Environments

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“…A great deal of both military and recreational off-road vehicular disturbance has occurred in parts of the United States (Kockelman 1983;Anderson and others 2005), as well as in other parts of the world (Vertegaal 1989;Hirst and others 2000). It is important to know how plant communities change in response to vehicle disturbance because vegetation can be a good indicator of soil and other environmental conditions (Philippi and others 1998) and because changes in vegetation can affect erosion, wildlife, and land use (Hobbs and others 1982;Tasser and others 2003;Wang and others 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grassland Plant Composition Alters Vehicular Disturbance Effects in Kansas, USA

Dickson

Wilsey

Busby

et al. 2008

Environmental Management

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Many ''natural'' areas are exposed to military or recreational off-road vehicles. The interactive effects of different types of vehicular disturbance on vegetation have rarely been examined, and it has been proposed that some vegetation types are less susceptible to vehicular disturbance than others. At Fort Riley, Kansas, we experimentally tested how different plant community types changed after disturbance from an M1A1 Abrams tank driven at different speeds and turning angles during different seasons. The greatest vegetation change was observed because of driving in the spring in wet soils and the interaction of turning while driving fast (vegetation change was measured with Bray-Curtis dissimilarity). We found that less vegetation change occurred in communities with high amounts of native prairie vegetation than in communities with high amounts of introduced C3 grasses, which is the first experimental evidence we are aware of that suggests plant communities dominated by introduced C3 grasses changed more because of vehicular disturbance than communities dominated by native prairie grasses. We also found that vegetation changed linearly with vehicular disturbance intensity, suggesting that at least initially there was no catastrophic shift in vegetation beyond a certain disturbance intensity threshold. Overall, the intensity of vehicular disturbance appeared to play the greatest role in vegetation change, but the plant community type also played a strong role and this should be considered in land use planning. The reasons for greater vegetation change in introduced C3 grass dominated areas deserve further study. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. Abstract Many ''natural'' areas are exposed to military or recreational off-road vehicles. The interactive effects of different types of vehicular disturbance on vegetation have rarely been examined, and it has been proposed that some vegetation types are less susceptible to vehicular disturbance than others. At Fort Riley, Kansas, we experimentally tested how different plant community types changed after disturbance from an M1A1 Abrams tank driven at different speeds and turning angles during different seasons. The greatest vegetation change was observed because of driving in the spring in wet soils and the interaction of turning while driving fast (vegetation change was measured with Bray-Curtis dissimilarity). We found that less vegetation change occurred in communities with high amounts of native prairie vegetation than in communities with high amounts of introduced C 3 grasses, which is the first experimental evidence we are aware of that suggests plant communities dominated by introduced C 3 grasses changed more because of vehicular disturbance than communities dominated by native prairie grasses. We also found that vegetation changed linearly with vehicular disturbance intensity, suggesting that at least initially ...

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“…Several manufactured tracked vehicles that were more an all-snow vehicle than a snowmobile. 50 Other companies sprang up to provide spare parts. According to a 1970 price list, the Gates Corporation-still in the snowmobile v-belt market-alone produced over fi fty different belts for eighty-six snow vehicle manufacturers.…”

Section: From "Snofaris" To Industry Consolidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…freeways and housing developments." 50 Off-road vehicles "have destroyed evolutionary gains of such antiquity that recovery will be exceedingly slow," and "many delicate interdependencies between organisms and their habitats, having been obliterated by ORVs, can never be restored." 51 Many Americans believe that deserts are devoid of valuable life forms.…”

Section: Desertifi Cation and Dune Buggiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The new Ficht engines handle poorquality fuel and alcohol additives much better." 50 EPA offi cials point out that the new engine technology is not only more environmentally friendly but also promises savings in fuel costs to offset the slightly higher cost of the new engines themselves. The new designs would also "relieve boaters from the hassle of mixing fuel and oil."…”

Section: Smoke Noise and Pwcsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Motorized obsessions: life, liberty, and the small-bore engine

2008

Choice Reviews Online

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Introduction

Cited by 4 publications

References 3 publications

Land and vegetation degradation in war-affected areas in the Sabah Al-Ahmad Nature Reserve of Kuwait: A case study of Umm. Ar. Rimam

Land and vegetation degradation in war-affected areas in the Sabah Al-Ahmad Nature Reserve of Kuwait: A case study of Umm. Ar. Rimam

Grassland Plant Composition Alters Vehicular Disturbance Effects in Kansas, USA

Motorized obsessions: life, liberty, and the small-bore engine

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