Introduction

Alliances and Networks: Creating Success in the UK Fair Trade Market

“…The duel purpose of fair trade companies mean they can clearly be framed in terms of social entrepreneurs / social enterprises, which although not having a single definitive definition (Mair, Robinson and Hockerts, 2006) can be understood as led by private individuals, focused on raising awareness of issues of general public interest (Waddock and Post, 1991) …”

“…The duel purpose of fair trade companies mean they can clearly be framed in terms of social entrepreneurs / social enterprises, which although not having a single definitive definition (Mair, Robinson and Hockerts, 2006) can be understood as led by private individuals, focused on raising awareness of issues of general public interest (Waddock and Post, 1991) to "exploit social innovation with an entrepreneurial mindset and a strong need for achievement" (Perrini and Vurro, 2006). Leadbeater (1997) identified a social entrepreneur's networks as being one of their core assets in achieving both financial and social missions and Waddock and Post (1991) Many papers on fair trade are normative (Moore, 2004;Reynolds, 2002;McDonagh, 2002) and the few which are empirical cover a range of topics from outside of the organisational context, for example Strong (1996Strong ( , 1997 and Bird and Hughes (1997).…”

“…Similarly brands are now aimed at targeting mainstream customer groups and compete head-to-head for shelf space with major retail brands (Low and Davenport, 2006;Moore, 2004; Nichols and Opal, 2005;Wilkinson, 2007). Therefore despite distribution of profits (and supply chains) differing from many businesses within their markets the processes of marketing, sales and logistics are, in principle, identical to other small, social entrepreneurial start up companies (see Mair, Robinson and Hockerts, 2006;Davies, 2007). This paper investigates the importance of inter-organisational alliances and networks in creating the profitable and growing fair trade market in the UK.…”

Enterprising education - a research on students as agents of change in social entrepreneurship

“…Whether or not this translates into an obligation to have 100% earned income, however, is one of the criteria that currently seems to receive the least consensus. While some scholars and policymakers attach a lot of importance to the requirement of earned income for a person to be a social entrepreneur (Austin et al, 2006;Boschee and McClurg, 2003;Dorado, 2006), others define social entrepreneurship more narrowly, as economically sustainable ventures that generate social value (Dees, 1998a;Emerson and Twersky, 1996;Mair et al, 2006), regardless of where the revenue comes from.…”

Factors Affecting the Innovation and Competitiveness in Kurdistan Region of Iraq Construction Industry

“…Inside this powerful competitive environment, the need to produce highly competitive products has initiated to create novel products or to develop the existing products, which is called the process of innovation [4]. The achievement of effective building practices can lead to positive competitive advantages such as: 1) costs saved from undesirable reduction plans, 2) improving human progress, 3) recovered labor performance by reducing the risks regularly related with unsafe construction places, and 4) increasing the income from developed models, developed market agreements and upsurge in duplication businesses ( [7]). A questionnaire survey in the UK in some construction industries found that un-sustainability strategy and actual reportage to stakeholders can assist increase contractors' reputation and business competitiveness ( [8]).…”