Introduction

Schauz, Désirée; Kaldewey, David

doi:10.2307/j.ctv8bt0z7.6

Cited by 2 publications

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“…The second change in the approach to the history of science during the Cold War (including the atomic bomb programmes) is the discussion of the distinction and relationship between pure science, basic science and applied science, which has been neglected in policy studies but has been expounded in more recent literature, driven by the concept of historical legacy in the history of science. While the dichotomy between basic science and applied science or between basic research and applied research is no longer advocated in some fields of research, including STS (science and technology studies) and STI (science, technology and innovation), in which alternative notions such as transdisciplinarity and responsible research have been proposed in place of notions such as pure science and basic science, those concepts are still widely used in science policies and practices in different countries and even in public discourse (Schauz and Kaldewey, 2018). In contrast to STS researchers, historians and philosophers of science attempt to understand the meanings of those concepts and the relationship between contemplative and instrumental forms of knowledge as a pressing problem.…”

Section: Introduction: the Global History Of Science And A New Permentioning

confidence: 99%

The ‘neglected’ chemistry: Fuels and materials preparation in China’s ‘two bombs and one satellite’ project

Zhu

2020

Cultures of Science

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The ‘two bombs and one satellite’ project was a major achievement of China after 1949 and has since been an important subject in historical and sociological research on science and technology in modern China. However, most accounts of the history or sociology of the project focus on physicists and engineers, rather than the chemists. This study examines the chemists’ work of preparing fuels and materials in the project and their post-project research. By analysing how Chinese scientists engaged in the project, how they understood the relationship between basic and applied research in their scientific practice and how they positioned themselves on issues of science policy, this article offers different and shifting concepts of basic and applied research with cultural variation in the context of China.

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Section: Introduction: the Global History Of Science And A New Permentioning

confidence: 99%

The ‘neglected’ chemistry: Fuels and materials preparation in China’s ‘two bombs and one satellite’ project

Zhu

2020

Cultures of Science

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“…Finally, the review suggests that the relationship between global ideas and their adoption within national contexts is better conceived as one of mutual constitution and interplay rather than a one-way of adoption from the global to the local. It illustrates a point made by Schauz and Kaldewey (2018):…”

Section: Areas For Further Scrutinymentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The dissertation asked how global ideas are understood in local contexts and took inspiration from other scholars interested in understanding the trajectory of particular notions Schauz and Kaldewey 2018;Godin , 2015Godin , 2017. Its focus has not been to understand the 'translators' of STI ideas, but rather the multiplicity of translations of these global ideas.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Is their use of these concepts stemming from similar diagnoses of what the country needs to forge ahead in this world, or does it stem from a unique understanding of 'innovation' or 'responsible development' and what they could provide the country with? and Kaldewey and Schauz (2018) explain that scholars and policymakers share a common conceptual language. These authors show that '…(h)istorically, such a common language was employed either to challenge the importance of investigatordriven basic research or to defend its relevance for innovation processes' (Flink and Kaldewey 2018)(p.15).…”

Section: Introduction 11 Global Ideas In Policy For Science Technolog...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring Global Ideas in National Policy for Science, Technology and Innovation: An Isomorphic Difference Approach

Alemán-Díaz

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New concepts are continuously introduced in policies for science, technology and innovation (STI) across the globe, such as ‘transformative change’ or ‘responsible development’. Yet research has shown that ideas, even those that seem omnipresent in current policy for STI, like ‘innovation,’ come to be understood and are appropriated for distinct reasons in particular contexts. These varied understandings call for research that can uncover how global ideas come to be localized and the varied ways in which the local context informs global understandings in policy for STI. Shedding light on this paradox within policy for STI sits at the heart of this dissertation. One way to understand the development of global ideas within policy for STI over time is to consider the processes of isomorphism and difference-making that shape them. Not so they are put against each other in contention, but to understand how they work together and sustain each other over time. These dynamics capture the contextualization, multi-dimensionality, and emergence of policy for STI. The dissertation explores the ways in which global ideas are co-produced and how they are given life and made sense of within national policy for STI. I draw on insights from Science & Technology Studies (STS) and institutional theory to advance the conceptual lens of isomorphic difference. In doing so, I highlight the critical role of global ideas in shaping national policy for STI while underscoring the familiarity and distinctiveness at work within them. I draw on policy documents, interviews and participant observation to analyze particular global ideas in policy for STI within a national context and through cross-country comparisons. The first article departs from an exploration of the application of ‘diversity’ within the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) in the United States. The next article takes on the ‘valley of death’ trope associated with commercialization efforts globally and traces the ways in which it gets interpreted and domesticated within the NNI. In the third article, I probe how policy instruments are mobilized dynamically to envision an innovation-based future in the United States and China. The fourth article emphasizes how the classic rationales (i.e., mission, curiosity and market) within strategies for STI in China, Denmark and the United States interact, feed into each other, and mutually shape one another over time. By tracing these global ideas across three national settings, new questions are raised about the relationship between STI and public policymaking—especially with regard to local strategies in the face of globalizing pressures and the entangled ways in which global ideas are co-constructed locally.

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Introduction

Cited by 2 publications

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The ‘neglected’ chemistry: Fuels and materials preparation in China’s ‘two bombs and one satellite’ project

The ‘neglected’ chemistry: Fuels and materials preparation in China’s ‘two bombs and one satellite’ project

Exploring Global Ideas in National Policy for Science, Technology and Innovation: An Isomorphic Difference Approach

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