“…Families with the authoritarian (rigid) and permissive (disorganized) characteristics contribute to dysfunctional behaviour of runaways (Martin & Martin, 2000). These include parental oppressive behaviour, dispute and disagreements with the parents, mandatory marriage, and lack of affection (Hassan, 1998; Kermani & Rajabzadeh, 2011; Welchman & Hossain, 2005). Researchers noted similar background characteristics such as extensive familial conflicts, ineffective discipline techniques, poor communication, lack of care and affection, and constant rejection and criticism are related to the runaway phenomenon (Dadds, Braddock, Cures, Elliot, & Kellys, 1993; De Man et al, 1993; Kendall, 2012; MacLean, Embry, & Cauce, 1999; Schweitzer, Hier, & Terry, 1994; Sullivan & Knutson, 2000).…”