Introducing Time-Delays to Analyze Driver Reaction Times When Using a Powered Wheelchair

Abstract

This paper investigates the introduction of time-delays into wheelchair driving. Two dissimilar ways in which wheelchair drivers interact are compared. Users were observed as they drove their wheelchairs with and without timedelays. Tests took place with a computer system and sensors which provided assistance and then without any assistance provided. As delays became longer then drivers found it more difficult to drive. If the wheelchair moved through a more complicated environment or if the time-delay was made longer, then driving was better if the computer and sensors assisted. Time delays were introduced between the motor controller and the wheelchair joystick. With shorter time-delays or in simpler environments then less assistance was needed from the computer system and sensors. In more complicated environments or if time-delays were longer, then more assistance was needed. That suggest varying sensor support could be helpful depending on the complexity of the environment or the difficulties being experienced by the drivers.

Control of a Semi-autonomous Powered Wheelchair

“…That is because intelligent control still lacks sufficient robustness and reliability, and it is expensive for assistive technology applications. That has led to a requirement for innovation, and a redefinition of methodologies and concepts for effective interaction with wheelchair users, guidance, assistance and control [15,16]. This work presents a new innovative powered wheelchair controller.…”

One Shot Learning Approach to Identify Drivers

“…Haddad and Sanders [2,18] created a deep learning neural network to provide a safe steering direction for a powered wheelchair. Many researchers created systems to study and improve powered wheelchair driving [19][20][21][22]. Haddad et al [23][24][25] used cameras and microcomputers to translate drivers hand movements to digital commands used to operate powered wheelchairs.…”

Facial Recognition Software for Identification of Powered Wheelchair Users

“…Many researchers have created systems to study and improve powered wheelchair driving [19][20][21]. Haddad et al [22][23][24] used cameras and microcomputers to translate drivers hand movements to digital commands used to operate powered wheelchairs.…”