Introducing Autochthonous Bacterium and Fungus Composition to Enhance the Phytopathogen-Suppressive Capacity of Composts against Clonostachys rosea, Penicillium solitum and Alternaria alternata In Vitro

Abstract

Given their numerous positive characteristics, composts are widely used agriculturally in sustainable development and resource-saving technologies. The management of phytopathogen-suppressive potential and the fertilizing capacity of composts are of great interest. This study examines the impact of introducing the autochthonous compost species Bacillus subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Aspergillus corrugatus, both individually and in combination, to composts containing dry matter comprising 36% solid compost and 7% compost suspensions to study their phytopathogen-suppressive and phytostimulation activity. The test phytopathogens were Clonostachys rosea, Penicillium solitum, and Alternaria alternata. This is the first report on compost’s potential to biologically control C. rosea and P. solitum. Classical microbiological and molecular biological methods were used to evaluate the survival rate of microorganisms in compost and validate these results. Test plant (Raphanus sativus) germination indexes were determined to evaluate the phytotoxic/phytostimulation effects of the substrates. To assess the effectiveness of biocontrol, mycelial growth inhibition was measured using in vitro tests. The introduction of composition increased the composts’ fertilizing properties by up to 35% and improved antagonistic activity by up to 91.7%. Autochthonous bacterial–fungal composition can promote resistance to fungal root and foliar phytopathogens and raise the fertilizing quality of compost.