Introducing a comprehensive physics-based modelling framework for tandem and other PV systems

Vogt, Malte R.; Tobon, C. Ruiz; Alcañiz, Alba; Procel, Paul; Blom, Youri; Din, A. Nour El; Stark, Tim; Wang, Z.; Goma, Elias Garcia; Etxebarria, J.G.; Ziar, Hesan; Zeman, Miro; Santbergen, Rudi; Isabella, Olindo

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2022.111944

Cited by 4 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Additionally, the PVMD Toolbox has been validated in a previous study. [ 10 ] In this study, it was shown that the simulated performance of c‐Si modules nearly always falls within the 95% confidence interval. To analyze the effect of uncertainty in the input on the loss distribution, a sensitivity analysis is performed for the simulation of Amsterdam, which is shown in the supporting information.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…This work is an extension of the PVMD Toolbox. [ 10 ] The PVMD Toolbox can simulate the energy yield of a PV system based on their fundamental material properties and first‐principle physics. First, a brief overview of the Toolbox is given, followed by a detailed explanation of the energy loss analysis model.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The air mass is calculated with the SMARTS spectral irradiance model, [ 11 ] and the irradiance from each sky element is calculated with the Perez weather model. [ 12 ] The in‐plane irradiance on the module is then calculated with the Monte–Carlo ray tracing software LUX [ 10 ] that can include for shading and albedo reflections. The solar cell temperature is modeled by using the fluid dynamic model.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The structure of the cell is implemented in the Toolbox, [ 10 ] such that it can be used for simulations. The implementation in the Toolbox is both optical and electrical validated, as described by Vogt et al [ 10 ] For the optical validation, the mean absolute deviation between measured and simulated EQE is only 1%. Also, the simulated photo current densities are within 0.1 mA cm −2 of the measured short circuit densities.…”

Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the PV system in the simulation, encapsulation is added to the cells, which makes the modules more realistic. [ 10 ] Additionally, the Si thickness is reduced from 260 to 160 μm to simulate a realistic value for an industrial solar cell, and the perovskite thickness is adjusted to achieve current matching under STC. The cell structure is shown in Figure .…”

Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Energy Loss Analysis of Two‐Terminal Tandem PV Systems under Realistic Operating Conditions—Revealing the Importance of Fill Factor Gains

et al. 2023

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The tandem PV technology can potentially increase the efficiency of PV modules over 30%. To design efficient modules, a quantification of the different losses is important. Herein, a model for quantifying the energy loss mechanisms in PV systems under real‐world operating conditions with a level of detail back to the components and their fundamental properties is presented. Totally, 17 losses are defined and divided into four categories (fundamental, optical, electrical, and system losses). As example, a system based on a > 29% two‐terminal perovskite/silicon tandem cell is considered. The loss distribution at standard test conditions is compared to four geographical locations. The results show that the thermalization, reflection, and inverter losses increase by 1.2%, 1.1%, and 1.4%, respectively, when operating outdoors. Additionally, it is quantified how fill factor gains partly compensate the current mismatch losses. For example, a mismatch of 7.0% in photocurrent leads to a power mismatch of 1.2%. Therefore, the power mismatch should be used as indicator for mismatch losses instead of a current mismatch. Finally, herein, it is shown that solar tracking increases not only the in‐plane irradiance but also the efficiency of the tandem module.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%