Intrinsically Stretchable Conductive Self-Healable Organogels for Strain, Pressure, Temperature, and Humidity Sensing

Khan, Amir; Kisannagar, Ravinder Reddy; Mahmood, Sadiq; Chuang, Wei-Tsung; Katiyar, Monica; Gupta, Dipti; Lin, Hong-Cheu

doi:10.1021/acsami.3c08111

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…As illustrated in Figure b, Zn 2+ ions can form reversible ionic interactions with water molecules and cellulose hydroxyl groups. The water molecules can compete with Zn 2+ ions for carboxyl/hydroxyl groups on poly(AA) and cellulose. ,,, A hydrogen bonding network is established among poly(AA), cellulose, and water molecules. The employment of cellulose effectively enhances the mechanical strength through extensive hydrogen bonding and metallic coordinate sites.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, water molecules and Zn 2+ can cooperatively interact with the gel network via ionic interactions. The newly formed hydrogen bonds among water molecules, poly(AA), and cellulose shorten the interchain distances and increase the polymer chain entanglements, boosting the mechanical properties of gels. ,− With the addition of more water, the elongation at break increases subsequently and the ultimate stress decreases, which is attributed to the fact that the plasticizing effect of water weakens the poly(AA) chain interactions. , The increase in the mass content of water would also result in a higher Young’s modulus (Figure S2a and Supporting Information). The degel-7w sample presents the highest toughness of 15 MJ/m 3 with a breaking strain of 2050% and is used for subsequent tests (Figure S2b and Supporting Information).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The excellent adhesion may be attributed to the abundance of hydroxyl, carboxyl, and zwitterionic groups in the gel system, allowing for the formation of strong hydrogen bonding, metal coordination, ion–dipole interactions, and electrostatic interactions at the interfaces through functional groups on the surface of the various substrates. ,, The gel also displays self-healing properties, as the cut pieces are able to regenerate the interface when physically in contact for 2 h under ambient conditions (Figure g). It can dynamically reset damaged interfaces and accommodate various deformations . The extraordinary self-healing ability of the gels enables them to rapidly repair cracks and retain almost their original mechanical properties (Figure S2f and Supporting Information), providing great adaptability and higher reliability in real working environments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is due to the expansion of the polymer matrix under elevated temperature, which produces a local blank space and increases the free volume (Figure c). Therefore, the ion movement speed is enhanced, resulting in an increase in conductivity. ,, …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-Healing and Wide Temperature-Tolerant Cellulose-Based Eutectogels for Reversible Humidity Detection

Wu,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Langmuir

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A kind of ionic conductive gel (also named eutectogel) is developed from an inorganic salt (ZnCl 2 )-based deep eutectic solvent (DES). The ternary DES consists of ZnCl 2 , acrylic acid, and water, and cotton linter cellulose is introduced into the DES system to tailor its mechanical and conductive properties. Enabled by the extensive hydrogen bonds and ion−dipole interactions, the obtained eutectogel displays superior ionic conductivity (0.33 S/m), high stretchability (up to 2050%), large tensile strength (1.82 MPa), and wide temperature tolerance (−40 to 60 °C). In particular, the water-induced coordination interactions can tune the strength of hydrogen/ionic bonds in the eutectogels, imparting them with appealing humidity sensing ability in complex and extreme conditions.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Self-Healing and Wide Temperature-Tolerant Cellulose-Based Eutectogels for Reversible Humidity Detection

Wu,

Zhang,

et al. 2024

Langmuir

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“…Some researchers have opted for organogels that offer better thermal stability and environmental stability by choosing from various organic solvents ( Wang et al, 2022c ). These organohydrogels have allowed for the development of ITLs that outperform hydrogels in terms of stability under various conditions ( Khan et al, 2023 ). The material clusters for solvent-based ITL includes a variety of substances such as water, Na + , K + , Cl − , collagen, chitosan, sodium alginate, glycerol, sorbitol, and propylene carbonate, which constitute or are friendly to the human body, allowing solvent-based ITL to be highly biocompatible.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in wearable iontronic sensors for healthcare applications

Choi,

Kang,

Lee

et al. 2023

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Iontronic sensors have garnered significant attention as wearable sensors due to their exceptional mechanical performance and the ability to maintain electrical performance under various mechanical stimuli. Iontronic sensors can respond to stimuli like mechanical stimuli, humidity, and temperature, which has led to exploration of their potential as versatile sensors. Here, a comprehensive review of the recent researches and developments on several types of iontronic sensors (e.g., pressure, strain, humidity, temperature, and multi-modal sensors), in terms of their sensing principles, constituent materials, and their healthcare-related applications is provided. The strategies for improving the sensing performance and environmental stability of iontronic sensors through various innovative ionic materials and structural designs are reviewed. This review also provides the healthcare applications of iontronic sensors that have gained increased feasibility and broader applicability due to the improved sensing performance. Lastly, outlook section discusses the current challenges and the future direction in terms of the applicability of the iontronic sensors to the healthcare.

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Solvent‐Independent 3D Printing of Organogels

Kuzina,

Hoffmann,

Mandsberg

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Organogels are polymer networks extended by a liquid organic phase, offering a wide range of properties due to the many combinations of polymer networks, solvents, and shapes achievable through 3D printing. However, current printing methods limit solvent choice and composition, which in turn limits organogels' properties, applications, and potential for innovation. As a solution, a method for solvent‐independent printing of 3D organogel structures is presented. In this method, the printing step is decoupled from the choice of solvent, allowing access to the full spectrum of solvent diversity, thereby significantly expanding the range of achievable properties in organogel structures. With no changes to the polymer network, the 3D geometry, or the printing methodology itself, the choice of solvent alone is shown to have an enormous impact on organogel properties. As demonstrated, it can modulate the thermo‐mechanical properties of the organogels, both shifting and extending their thermal stability range to span from ‐30 to over 100 °C. The choice of solvent can also transition the organogels from highly adhesive to extremely slippery. Finally, the method also improves the surface smoothness of prints. Such advances have potential applications in soft robotics, actuators, and sensors, and represent a versatile approach to expanding the functionality of 3D‐printed organogels.

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Intrinsically Stretchable Conductive Self-Healable Organogels for Strain, Pressure, Temperature, and Humidity Sensing

Cited by 8 publications

References 58 publications

Self-Healing and Wide Temperature-Tolerant Cellulose-Based Eutectogels for Reversible Humidity Detection

Self-Healing and Wide Temperature-Tolerant Cellulose-Based Eutectogels for Reversible Humidity Detection

Recent advances in wearable iontronic sensors for healthcare applications

Solvent‐Independent 3D Printing of Organogels

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