Intrinsically Fluorescent Biocompatible Terpolymers for Detection and Removal of Bi(III) and Cell Imaging

Abstract

Intrinsically fluorescent biocompatible multifunctional multipurpose terpolymers, i.e., methyl methacrylate-co-methyl 3-(N-isopropylacrylamido)-2-methylpropanoate-co-N-isopropylacrylamide (MMA-co-MNIPAMP-co-NIPAm, 1) and methyl methacrylate-co-methyl 3-(N-hydroxymethylacrylamido)-2-methylpropanoate-co-N-hydroxymethylacrylamide (MMA-co-MNHMAMP-co-NHMAm, 2), were synthesized via in situ-attached acrylamido-ester monomers during polymerization of hydrophobic monomers in water medium. These nonconjugated fluorescent terpolymers presenting aggregation-enhanced emissions (AEEs) were suitable for Bi­(III) sensors, Bi­(III) removal, cell imaging, and security inks. The fluorescence properties, mechanisms of quenching, interactions of Bi­(III) with 1 and 2, and Bi­(III) adsorption were explored using theoretical analyses of 1, 2, Bi­(III)-1, and Bi­(III)-2. Considering the overall properties, 1 was more suitable for diverse prospective applications.

Ratiometric pH Sensing, Photophysics, and Cell Imaging of Nonaromatic Light-Emitting Polymers

“…Initially, MDCK cells were cultured using a previously reported method. , These cells were treated with 0.2 μg μL –1 NTFP3 solutions at pH = 6.5 and 8.0 for about 24 h. Afterward, cells were washed in a buffer saline. Then, the medium was discarded and cells were fixed in 100 μL of p -formaldehyde/water solution (3.7% v/v).…”

Synthesis of Nonaromatic Macromolecular Luminogens, DFT Studies on Photophysics, and O‐Donor Selective On−Off Sensors: Contributions of In Situ N‐(Methylol)Acrylamido Comonomers

“…Though adsorption related data were fitted to BET, Freundlich, and Langmuir models, Langmuir isotherm (Figure S17a,b, Supporting Information) was confirmed to be the best fitted model (Table 2). [72,73] In spite of hydrophobic functionalities, the better efficiencies as adsorbents were confirmed via q max = 81.62/155.71 mg g -1 for ML1/ML2. The chemical type bondings were further inferred by pseudosecond order model fitting parameters (Figure S17c,d, Supporting Information) (Table 2) and activation energy (E a ) = 13.77/6.26 kcal mol -1 for ML1/ML2 (Figure S18c, Supporting Information).…”

Nontraditional Redox Active Aliphatic Luminescent Polymer for Ratiometric pH Sensing and Sensing‐Removal‐Reduction of Cu(II): Strategic Optimization of Composition

“…Recently, intrinsically fluorescent aliphatic (nonconventional) polymers presenting AEE effects are receiving attractive attention due to the reduced photobleaching, enhanced durability, higher Stokes shift, and biocompatibility alongside no need of costly and complicated tagging of the conjugated fluorescent probe. [21,22] More importantly, a redox-sensitive ratiometric pH sensor can potentially be employed in easier detection of pH variation, apoptosis, immune function, signaling pathways, and cancer. [23][24][25][26] However, as per our literature survey, intrinsically fluorescent aliphatic redox polymer showing AEE effect and ratiometric pH sensing has remained unreported.…”

“…[ 29 ] The photophysical phenomena of polymer are influenced by multiphase behavior originated from the randomly distributed variable repulsive and attractive interactions within the microstructure, wherein intra‐ and inter‐molecular hydrogen bonds have significant roles in multiphase development. [ 30 ] More importantly, due to rigidity imparted by numerous N ‐branch bearing tertiary amide chains [ 22 ] of N , N ‐dimethyl‐2‐propenamide (DMPA) and α ‐CH 3 of 2‐methyl‐2‐propenoic acid (MPA) comonomers, aliphatic luminescent polymer ( ALP ) should envisage clusteroluminescence depending on nature of aggregation state and multiphase behavior. In fact, the rotational energy barrier around C–N bond of amide and associated rigidity are dependent on the resonance and electron delocalization index between nitrogen and oxygen atoms in amides.…”