Intrinsic Viscosities and Molecular Weights of Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives

Immergut, E. H.; Eirich, F. R.

doi:10.1021/ie50527a039

Cited by 20 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The viscosity average molecular weight (Mv) of the fibres was calculated by determining the limiting viscosity and using the MarkHouwink relationship (Immergut and Eirich, 1953)…”

Section: Determination Of the Molecular Properties Of The Prepared Pulpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and physical properties of regenerated cellulose fibres from cotton waste garments

Haule

Carr

Rigout

2016

Journal of Cleaner Production

104

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The aim of this research was to investigate the recycling of cotton waste garments by fibre regeneration. Easy care finished cotton fabrics and indigo dyed waste denim garments were successfully purified, dissolved in a suitable solvent and spun into fibres. The physical properties of the resultant fibres were compared with standard lyocell fibres spun from wood pulp and the fibres regenerated from the cotton waste garments exhibited improved mechanical and molecular properties relative to the typical fibres regenerated from wood pulp. Furthermore the results have indicated that a suitable blend of wood pulp and pulp reclaimed form cotton based waste garments can produce fibres with properties that are intermediate to cotton and lyocell fibres. The results suggest an alternative approach to fibre resource management by converting cotton based waste garment through regeneration processing into second lifetime cellulosic fibre. The approach will contribute to the reduction of both economic and environmental impact of waste garments and better management of resources required for production of cotton and synthetic fibres.

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“…The viscosity average molecular weight (Mv) of the fibres was calculated by determining the limiting viscosity and using the MarkHouwink relationship (Immergut and Eirich, 1953)…”

Section: Determination Of the Molecular Properties Of The Prepared Pulpmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and physical properties of regenerated cellulose fibres from cotton waste garments

Haule

Carr

Rigout

2016

Journal of Cleaner Production

104

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“…( I ) In his method, the second virial coefficient of the polymer sample in the solvent must be measured in addition to the intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight, whereas only the latter two quantities are required in our method. (6) Since the draining effect was not taken into account in his treatment, the application of his method must be restricted to cases in which this effect can be ignored, whereas our method is applicable in general to intrinsic viscosity data for polymer solutions.…”

Section: B Application Of the Single Sample Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of intrinsic viscosity data

Kawai

Kamide²

1961

J. Polym. Sci.

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In order to interpret quantitatively intrinsic viscosity data for polymer solutions, especially for chains of poor flexibility, the partially free draining effect discussed in the theories of Kirkwood and Riseman and Debye and Bueche must be also taken into account, as well as the excluded volume effect considered in the theory of Flory and Fox. Although the Flory‐Fox theory is widely used at present for analysis of intrinsic viscosity data, it appears that in most actual cases the draining effect may also play an important part and the two effects may overlap each other to some extent. A new method has been presented in this paper, through which the separation of these tow contributions becomes possible. The exponent a in the Mark‐Houwink equation, [η] = KmM̄va, is divided into two parts: a1, related to the volume effect, and Δ, related to the draining effect. Making use of the theoretical relationship between Km and a, which was derived in the preceding paper, we can calculate the value of Δ, if the Mark‐Houwink constants have been established for a given series of polymer homologues in two solvents. In this way, we can discuss the volume effect and the draining effect separately, and interpret completely intrinsic viscosity data in terms of the parameters appearing in the Flory‐Fox and Kirkwood‐Riseman theories. Furthermore, a new method has been proposed for estimating the Mark‐Houwink constants from the measurements of intrinsic viscosity and molecular weight for a single sample. Only one sample need be used, and thus recourse to the usual more laborious methods is unnecessary. General applicability of our methods has been shown by several examples cited from published data.

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Viscosity‐molecular weight relationships for cellulose nitrate

Moore¹,

Epstein²

1956

J. Appl. Chem.

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4) Staining and discoloration evaluation on cured sheets of cold rubberThis test, used only for those compounds which had shown outstanding activity in the above evaluations, involved the incorporation of the antioxidant material into a polymer using the isopropanol technique; this was then compounded without addition of carbon black or colouring ingredients. One-half of a cured sheet was then coated with a lacquer. One-half of the lacquered end and one-half of the unlacquered end were then exposed to ultra-violet light for a period of time. The test sheet was thus divided into four portions, one of which was not lacquered and not exposed to ultra-violet light, the second was not lacquered but was exposed to ultra-violet light, the third was lacquered but not exposed to ultra-violet light, and the fourth was lacquered and exposed to ultra-violet light. The unlacquered end of the sheet gave the discoloration behaviour of the antioxidant, while the lacquered end gave the staining characteristics.Six fractions have been obtained from a sample of cellulose nitrate (12.546N) and molecular Viscosity data are presented for the fractions in acetone and amyl Values of K and a in the The chains seem to be more extended in the better Extension appears to be greater in acetates than in ketones of The limited flexibility of cellulose nitrate chains may decrease with weights determined osmotically. methyl ketone, ethyl and amyl acetates, ethyl and butyl formates. expression [q] = KM" are given for each solvent. of each pair of related solvents. comparable solvent power. increasing degree of nitration.

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Intrinsic Viscosities and Molecular Weights of Cellulose and Cellulose Derivatives

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

Preparation and physical properties of regenerated cellulose fibres from cotton waste garments

Preparation and physical properties of regenerated cellulose fibres from cotton waste garments

Analysis of intrinsic viscosity data

Viscosity‐molecular weight relationships for cellulose nitrate

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