Intrinsic solidification behaviour of basaltic to rhyolitic melts: A cooling rate experimental study

Vetere, Francesco; Iezzi, Gianluca; Behrens, Harald; Cavallo, Andrea; Misiti, Valeria; Dietrich, Marcel; Knipping, Jaayke L.; Ventura, Guido; Mollo, Silvio

doi:10.1016/j.chemgeo.2013.06.007

Cited by 51 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 30 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In particular, the estimation of mineral phase proportions (in area %) was made by linking gray‐level values of BSE images with compositions. No stereological correction was applied [ Iezzi et al , ; Vetere et al , , , ]. Magnification used in image acquisition ranged from 150× to 1600× depending on the size, shape, and amount of crystalline phases.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior to viscosity measurements, ~70 g of melt was stirred at 1773 K for 2 h at strain rates (

\overset{γ}{true}

) of 5–10 s −1 . This allowed for the complete removal of possible gas bubbles and the attainment of a compositionally homogeneous melt [ Dowty , ; Lofgren , ; Davis and Ihinger , ; Armienti , ; Iezzi et al , , ; Pupier et al , ; Vetere et al , , ]. Samples used in the subliquidus temperature experiments were first melted at superliquidus conditions.…”

Section: Starting Materials and Experimental Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Experimental constraints on the rheology, eruption, and emplacement dynamics of analog lavas comparable to Mercury's northern volcanic plains

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We present new viscosity measurements of a synthetic silicate system considered an analogue for the lava erupted on the surface of Mercury. In particular, we focus on the northern volcanic plains (NVP), which correspond to the largest lava flows on Mercury and possibly in the Solar System. High‐temperature viscosity measurements were performed at both superliquidus (up to 1736 K) and subliquidus conditions (1569–1502 K) to constrain the viscosity variations as a function of crystallinity (from 0 to 28%) and shear rate (from 0.1 to 5 s−1). Melt viscosity shows moderate variations (4–16 Pa s) in the temperature range of 1736–1600 K. Experiments performed below the liquidus temperature show an increase in viscosity as shear rate decreases from 5 to 0.1 s−1, resulting in a shear thinning behavior, with a decrease in viscosity of ~1 log unit. The low viscosity of the studied composition may explain the ability of NVP lavas to cover long distances, on the order of hundreds of kilometers in a turbulent flow regime. Using our experimental data we estimate that lava flows with thickness of 1, 5, and 10 m are likely to have velocities of 4.8, 6.5, and 7.2 m/s, respectively, on a 5° ground slope. Numerical modeling incorporating both the heat loss of the lavas and its possible crystallization during emplacement allows us to infer that high effusion rates (>10,000 m3/s) are necessary to cover the large distances indicated by satellite data from the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging spacecraft.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prior to viscosity measurements, ~70 g of melt was stirred at 1773 K for 2 h at strain rates (

\overset{γ}{true}

Section: Starting Materials and Experimental Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental constraints on the rheology, eruption, and emplacement dynamics of analog lavas comparable to Mercury's northern volcanic plains

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…From a position of high initial undercooling, increasing undercooling (3) produces glassy texture. reagents must first react in order to become silicate melts; failure to homogenize the liquid could provide sites for heterogeneous nucleation that are difficult to characterize (Iezzi et al, 2008;Vetere et al, 2013Vetere et al, , 2015; (2) natural starting materials must be crushed in order to load them into capsules, and the pores and grain interfaces that result from grinding natural glass and crystal-rich starting materials might provide energetically advantageous surfaces that are not present in nature ; (3) the entire thermal history of the material, including run-up to initial conditions (Ni et al, 2014) and superliquidus heat treatments (Sato, 1995;Pupier et al, 2008;Waters et al, 2015), may influence the distribution of subcritical clusters poised Figure 2. Relationships between experimental decompression paths and system response for instantaneous (single-step), continuous, and stepwise (multistep) changes in pressure.…”

Section: Assessing Crystal Nucleation In Laboratory Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1) Vetere et al (2013) suggested that melt structure at the liquidus can be considered path-independent. They strive to eliminate extrinsic defects such as chemical and physical heterogeneities (e.g.…”

Section: Assessing Crystal Nucleation In Laboratory Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic crystallization in magmas

Mollo¹,

Hammer²

2017

Mineral Reaction Kinetics: Microstructures, Textures, Chemical and Isotopic Signatures

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Undercooling and crystallization kinetics are recognized increasingly as important processes controlling the final textures and compositions of minerals as well as the physicochemical state of magmas during ascent and emplacement. Within a single volcanic unit, phenocrysts, microphenocrysts and microlites can span a wide range of compositions, develop complex zoning patterns, and show intricate textures testifying to crystallization far from equilibrium. These petrographic complexities are not associated necessarily with magma chamber processes such as mixing or mingling of distinctly different bulk compositions but, rather, may be caused by variable degrees of initial magma-undercooling and the evolution of undercooling through time. Heat-dissipation and decompression are the most effective driving forces of cooling and volatile loss that, in turn, exert a primary control on the solidification path of magma. Understanding these kinetic aspects over the temporal and spatial scales at which volcanic processes occur is therefore essential to interpret correctly the time-varying environmental conditions recorded in igneous minerals.This contribution aims to summarize and integrate experimental studies pertaining to the crystallization of magmas along kinetic or time-dependent pathways, where solidification is driven by changes in temperature, pressure and volatile concentration. Fundamental concepts examined in the last decades include the effect of undercooling on crystal nucleation and growth as well as on the transition between interface-and diffusion-controlled crystal growth and mass transfer occurring after crystals stop growing. We summarize recent static and dynamic decompression and cooling experiments that explore the role of undercooling in syn-eruptive crystallization occurring as magmas ascend in volcanic conduits and are emplaced at the surface. The ultimate aim of such studies is to decode the textural and compositional information within crystalline phases to place quantitative constraints on the crustal transport, ascent and emplacement histories of erupted and intrusive magmas.Magma crystallization under dynamic conditions will be assessed also through a comparative description of the disequilibrium features in minerals found in experimental and natural materials. A variety of departures from polyhedral growth, including morphologies indicating crystal surface instability, dendritic structures, sector zoning and growth twins are linked to the rate at which crystals grow. These have implications for the entrapment of melt inclusions and plausibility for interpreting the growth chronology of individual crystals. A simple ''tree-ring'' model, in which the oldest part of the crystal lies at the centre and the youngest at the rim, is not an appropriate description when growth is non-concentric. Further, deviation from chemical

show abstract

“…We did not apply a stereological correction, in order to avoid any mathematical manipulation of the data (Iezzi et al, 2011). This method has been used recently by, e.g., Vetere et al (2013a) to quantify the phase proportions in systems containing typically 4 phases (glass, pyroxenes, plagioclase, spinel). The determined bubble fractions have to be interpreted with caution because bubbles may accumulate in certain areas of the sample or migrate from the center to the wall, leading to an over-or underestimation of the bubble fraction.…”

Section: Image Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The roles of decompression rate and volatiles (H2O + Cl ± CO2± S) on crystallization in (trachy-) basaltic magma

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Intrinsic solidification behaviour of basaltic to rhyolitic melts: A cooling rate experimental study

Cited by 51 publications

References 30 publications

Experimental constraints on the rheology, eruption, and emplacement dynamics of analog lavas comparable to Mercury's northern volcanic plains

Experimental constraints on the rheology, eruption, and emplacement dynamics of analog lavas comparable to Mercury's northern volcanic plains

Dynamic crystallization in magmas

The roles of decompression rate and volatiles (H2O + Cl ± CO2± S) on crystallization in (trachy-) basaltic magma

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About