Intrinsic room temperature self-healing natural rubber based on metal thiolate ionic network

Thajudin, Nuur Laila Najwa; Zainol, Mohd Hafiz; Shuib, Raa Khimi

doi:10.1016/j.polymertesting.2020.106975

Cited by 36 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The ionic crosslinks between Zn 2+ ions and COOH groups of XNBR are presumed to be responsible for constructing the self‐healing network. Additionally, addition of zinc thiolate enables additional reversible ionic crosslinks from ionic interactions between Zn 2+ and two S in the vulcanized zinc thiolate on XNBR molecular chains which would enhance the self‐healing behaviors of the materials 32 . It should also be noted that the ionic bonding energy between Zn + and O − is around 159 kJ mol −1 while the bonding energy between Zn + and S − on zinc thiolate is around 205 kJ mol −1 34 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…34 Higher ionic bonding energy promotes efficient and stronger reversible ionic bonding for the self-healing behavior. The effectiveness of using Zn + and S À for self-healing crosslinker has been demonstrated in our previous work 32 where the results showed that the tensile strength for the developed self-healing rubber improved 270% compared with other work which utilized Zn + and O À as reversible ionic bonds. 35 Interaction between nearby Zn 2+ ions lead to the formation of ionic multiplets, which further aggregates to form an ionic cluster and decrease the mobility of the rubber molecule chains.…”

Section: Characterization Of Reversible Ionic Crosslinksmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Additionally, addition of zinc thiolate enables additional reversible ionic crosslinks from ionic interactions between Zn 2+ and two S in the vulcanized zinc thiolate on XNBR molecular chains which would enhance the self-healing behaviors of the materials. 32 It should also be noted that the ionic bonding energy between Zn + and O À is around 159 kJ mol À1 while the bonding energy between Zn + and S À on zinc thiolate is around 205 kJ mol À1 . 34 Higher ionic bonding energy promotes efficient and stronger reversible ionic bonding for the self-healing behavior.…”

Section: Characterization Of Reversible Ionic Crosslinksmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vulcanization mechanism of zinc thiolate with butadiene monomers begins with decomposition of zinc thiolate into persulphenyl radicals which proceeds a concerted reaction between butadiene monomers and new C S bonds are formed. 32 Other potential effective crosslinks are initiated when strearic acid reacts with ZnO and zinc thiolate at the beginning of the vulcanization process. ZnO was used as an activator in the vulcanization of unsaturated butadiene in XNBR rubber.…”

Section: Characterization Of Reversible Ionic Crosslinksmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Self‐healable and recyclable nitrile rubber based on thermoreversible ionic crosslink network

Zainol

Ariff

Omar

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this work, commercial carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber (XNBR) was ionically crosslinked with zinc thiolate forming reversible ionic salt bonding between carboxy groups (COOH) in XNBR chains and Zn2+ ions from zinc thiolate. The reversible nature of the ionic crosslinks allows rearrangement of rubber molecular chains under an external heat and provides self‐healing capability to the materials. The amount of zinc thiolate was varied at five levels (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 per hundred rubber (phr) to assess the maximum reaction between COOH and Zn2+ ion for the formation of ionic crosslink networks. Evidence that ionic crosslinks formed within the materials was determined by the increased of curing torque and the chemical interaction was identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. An equilibrium swelling testing quantitatively measured the ionic crosslink density within the material and XNBR with 30‐phr zinc thiolate showed the highest ionic crosslink density. The results revealed that, damaged XNBR with 30 phr zinc thiolate able to recover 98% of its initial properties under thermal healing at 150°C for 10 min. Furthermore, the material can be reprocessed and recycled for three times without compromising its initial properties. Perhaps, the tensile strength increased 360% at approximately 23 MPa, after third recycling process. In addition, the self‐healing XNBR also have excellent weldability on the damage sample, which shows high potential for repairing of existing rubber products installed in heavy engineering applications.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterization Of Reversible Ionic Crosslinksmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Characterization Of Reversible Ionic Crosslinksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characterization Of Reversible Ionic Crosslinksmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Self‐healable and recyclable nitrile rubber based on thermoreversible ionic crosslink network

Zainol

Ariff

Omar

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Covalent cross-linking is the formation of covalent bonds between atoms on the molecular chain, such as irreversible sulfur or peroxide cross-linked network; covalent bonds are brittle and rigid, and has large bond energy, so the rubber crosslinked by covalent bonds show strong mechanical properties, but elasticity drops significantly and not easy to selfheal once destroyed. The non-covalent bonds, including hydrogen bonding, [41,42] metal-ligand bonds, [43][44][45][46] ionic bonding, [31,47,48] molecular interdiffusion [49][50][51] can serve as cross-linking points that have association or dissociation spontaneous behaviors at ambient or specific conditions to realize the damage-repair process. [31] Specifically, noncovalent interactions have been exploited to construct supramolecular assemblies so that rupture prior to fracture of the covalent network and reform after application of external stimuli.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving reinforcement of natural rubber latex by introducing poly‐zinc dimethacrylate and sulfur vulcanizing system

Chen

Liao

Zhang

et al. 2022

Polymer Engineering & Sci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In this work, zinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA) was employed to reinforce natural rubber latex (NRL) and a new process was introduced. Polymethacrylic acid was prepared by emulsion polymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA), then mixed with ZnO in a different mole ratio (ZnO/MAA) and the mixture was noted as PZDMA. It was added to NRL and a traditional sulfur vulcanizing system was adopted simultaneously. The mechanical test results show that compared with the sample "NR," the tensile and tear strength are significantly improved by the addition of PZDMA. When 7 phr ZnO (NR-7A) are loaded, it can reach 25.1 MPa and 62.8 N/mm, which are higher than "NR" by 52.0% and 104.6%, respectively. While the strength of the NRL film reinforced only with PZDMA is quite limited. Detailed analysis by Fourier-transforms infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometers, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric, and dynamic mechanical analysis revealed that PZDMA is successfully formed and dispersed uniformly in NRL, PZDMA acts as a nanoparticle and ionic cross-linking agent, and the covalent cross-linking network is formed by a sulfur vulcanizing agent. The dual cross-linking network shows a synergistic effect on the reinforcement of NRL. The present work provides a process to reinforce NRL with adjustable mechanical properties.mechanical properties, natural rubber latex, poly-zinc dimethacrylate, reinforcement | INTRODUCTIONZinc dimethacrylate (ZDMA) can be easily polymerized and grafted to the polymer chain in the presence of peroxide, and has attracted great interest from researchers due to its excellent polymer reinforcement properties. [1] Hayes and Conard [2] reported for the first time that ZDMA was used as an additive for hydrogenated nitrile rubber (HNBR), and its abrasion resistance, tear strength, and high-temperature performance were significantly

show abstract

A Facile Scalable Strategy for Constructing Novel Robust Self‐Healing Glove Utilizing Nanoreinforced Thermoreversible Carboxylated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber

Low,

Supramaniam,

Goh

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent decades have seen an increase in using self‐healing technology in fabricating multifunctional rubber materials, which incorporate intrinsic mechanisms. However, achieving commendable self‐healing efficiency while maintaining strength in thin rubber films remains challenging. Herewith, the preparation of self‐healing carboxylated nitrile butadiene rubber thin films is presented with 0.40 ± 0.05 mm thickness, reinforced with sustainable TEMPO‐oxidized cellulose nanofibers. The thin films are fabricated using wet mixing and casting methods and translated to prototype fabrication via dipping. The study involves the effect of varying zinc stearate and filler concentrations on healing efficiency via ionic mechanisms alongside other characterization techniques, such as chemical composition, surface morphology, cross‐link density, and thermal stability. The fabricated thin films exhibited a tensile strength of 5.38 MPa and an elongation‐at‐break of 518%. After undergoing a temperature‐induced healing process at 100 °C for 1 h, the healing efficiency for both properties reached 72% and 90%, respectively. Moreover, these films demonstrates the ability to heal repeatedly at the same fracture site over multiple cycles, maintaining a healing efficiency of over 45% after the third cycle. A glove prototype is fabricated and tested using water and air leakage tests to prove the self‐healing technology's successful transfer.

show abstract

Intrinsic room temperature self-healing natural rubber based on metal thiolate ionic network

Cited by 36 publications

References 38 publications

Self‐healable and recyclable nitrile rubber based on thermoreversible ionic crosslink network

Self‐healable and recyclable nitrile rubber based on thermoreversible ionic crosslink network

Improving reinforcement of natural rubber latex by introducing poly‐zinc dimethacrylate and sulfur vulcanizing system

A Facile Scalable Strategy for Constructing Novel Robust Self‐Healing Glove Utilizing Nanoreinforced Thermoreversible Carboxylated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About