Intrinsic prefrontal organization underlies associations between achievement motivation and delay discounting

Xin, Yuanyuan; Xu, Pengfei; Alemán, André; Luo, Yuejia; Feng, Tingyong

doi:10.1007/s00429-019-01982-x

Cited by 9 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…For instance, showed that working memory-related aPFC activity partially mediates the relationship between intelligence and temporal discounting (see Intelligence section), whereas Benoit et al (2011) showed that activity in middle rostral PFC mediates the relation between temporal discounting and episodic future thinking. Relatedly, resting state functional connectivity (Guo and Feng, 2015) and intrinsic organization within PFC (Xin et al, 2020) have been shown to support the relation between temporal discounting and personality dispositions such as regulatory mode (Guo and Feng, 2015) and achievement motivation (Xin et al, 2020), respectively. Anterior and lateral portions of PFC have been associated with information integration (anterior/rostral portions of PFC; Ramnani and Owen, 2004) and executive functions of working memory and attention (lateral portions of PFC; Yuan and Raz, 2014).…”

Section: Brain Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…In addition to the sensitivity and recruitment of certain brain regions, the effectiveness of the structural, intrinsic, and functional connectivity between and within these regions has been shown to predict differences in temporal discounting (Li et al, 2013;van den Bos et al, 2014;Calluso et al, 2015;Mohammadi et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2016;Anandakumar et al, 2018;Ikuta et al, 2018;Xin et al, 2020). van den Bos et al (2014) demonstrated that individual differences in discount rates were correlated with structural and functional connectivity between right dlPFC and dorsal striatum (r = −0.66, p < 0.001 and r = 0.57, p < 0.01 respectively; N = 22).…”

Section: Brain Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual Differences in Intertemporal Choice

et al. 2021

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Intertemporal choice involves deciding between smaller, sooner and larger, later rewards. People tend to prefer smaller rewards that are available earlier to larger rewards available later, a phenomenon referred to as temporal or delay discounting. Despite its ubiquity in human and non-human animals, temporal discounting is subject to considerable individual differences. Here, we provide a critical narrative review of this literature and make suggestions for future work. We conclude that temporal discounting is associated with key socio-economic and health-related variables. Regarding personality, large-scale studies have found steeper temporal discounting to be associated with higher levels of self-reported impulsivity and extraversion; however, effect sizes are small. Temporal discounting correlates negatively with future-oriented cognitive styles and inhibitory control, again with small effect sizes. There are consistent associations between steeper temporal discounting and lower intelligence, with effect sizes exceeding those of personality or cognitive variables, although socio-demographic moderator variables may play a role. Neuroimaging evidence of brain structural and functional correlates is not yet consistent, neither with regard to areas nor directions of effects. Finally, following early candidate gene studies, recent Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) approaches have revealed the molecular genetic architecture of temporal discounting to be more complex than initially thought. Overall, the study of individual differences in temporal discounting is a maturing field that has produced some replicable findings. Effect sizes are small-to-medium, necessitating future hypothesis-driven work that prioritizes large samples with adequate power calculations. More research is also needed regarding the neural origins of individual differences in temporal discounting as well as the mediating neural mechanisms of associations of temporal discounting with personality and cognitive variables.

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Section: Brain Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Brain Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual Differences in Intertemporal Choice

et al. 2021

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“…First, instead of pre-selecting regions of interest to construct the neural network of delay discounting as previous studies did ( Schmaal et al, 2012 ; Dias et al, 2013 ; Contreras-Rodriguez et al, 2015 ; Rosch et al, 2018 ; Holmes et al, 2020 ), here with a large sample of participants we had sufficient power to perform a whole-brain analysis to thoroughly explore the neural correlates of delay discounting. Second, rather than indirectly measuring delay discounting with variables affecting delay discounting ( Guo and Feng, 2015 ; Xin et al, 2020 ; Zhang et al, 2021 ), here we used the Monetary Choice Questionnaire to directly calculate Ln( k ) as an index for delay discounting. Finally, we tested heathy adult participants, which can extend the findings from previous studies based on mental health patients and adolescents ( Dias et al, 2013 ; Contreras-Rodriguez et al, 2015 ; Wang et al, 2017 ; Zhu et al, 2017 ; Rosch et al, 2018 ; Holmes et al, 2020 ) to a larger population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Resting-State Neural Network of Delay Discounting

Yang

2022

Front. Psychol.

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Delay discounting is a common phenomenon in daily life, which refers to the subjective value of a future reward decreasing as a function of time. Previous studies have identified several cortical regions involved in delay discounting, but the neural network constructed by the cortical regions of delay discounting is less clear. In this study, we employed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) to measure the spontaneous neural activity in a large sample of healthy young adults and used the Monetary Choice Questionnaire to directly measure participants’ level of delay discounting. To identify the neural network of delay discounting at rest, we used an individual difference approach to explore brain regions whose spontaneous activities were related to delay discounting across the whole brain. Then, these brain regions served as seeds to identify the neural network of delay discounting. We found that the fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) of the left insula were positively correlated to delay discounting. More importantly, its connectivity to the anterior cingulate cortex was read out for participants’ behavioral performance in the task of delay discounting. In short, our study provides empirical evidence that insula-anterior cingulate cortex connectivity may serve as a part of the neural network for delay discounting.

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“…Numerous psychological and economic studies have demonstrated that multiple factors can have an impact on choice, such as past experience (Jahfari, Theeuwes, & Knapen, 2020;Kwon, & Adaval, 2018;Weiss-Cohen, Konstantinidis, Speekenbrink, & Harvey, 2018), unconscious thought (Nieuwenstein et al, 2015), motivation (Xin, Xu, Aleman, Luo, & Feng, 2020;Zhang, & Feng, 2019), and cognitive load (Deck, & Jahedi, 2015;Vogels, Krahmer, & Maes, 2015). Recent studies have shown that choice can even be postdictively biased by an event presented later (e.g., a circle turning red) (Bear & Bloom, 2016;Bear, Fortgang, Bronstein, & Cannon, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The postdictive effect of choice reflects the modulation of attention on choice

et al. 2020

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Our conscious perception of the world is not an instantaneous, moment-by-moment construction. Rather, our perception of an event is influenced, over time, by information gained after the event; this is known as a postdictive effect. A recent study reported that this postdictive effect could occur even in choice. The present study sought to test whether the striking postdictive effect of choice reflects the modulation of attention on choice, by directly and systematically manipulating attention in two experiments. Specifically, Experiment 1 revealed that the robust postdictive effect of choice was almost completely eliminated when attentional bias was removed. More important, Experiment 2 demonstrated that the postdictive effect of choice could be modulated by directly manipulating participants' attention with a spatial cue, in particular, when the cue appeared at short time delays. These results suggest that choice could be considerably postdictively influenced by attention and this effect was most pronounced within a short time window wherein decision making was most likely in progress. The current study not only enables clarification of the mechanism of the newly discovered postdictive effect of choice, but also extends evidence of the modulation of attention on decision making.

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Intrinsic prefrontal organization underlies associations between achievement motivation and delay discounting

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Cited by 9 publications

References 62 publications

Individual Differences in Intertemporal Choice

Individual Differences in Intertemporal Choice

The Resting-State Neural Network of Delay Discounting

The postdictive effect of choice reflects the modulation of attention on choice

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