Intrinsic Pituitary Interleukin-1β Is Induced by Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide**

Koenig, James I.; Snow, Kenneth; Clark, Burton D.; Toni, Roberto; Cannon, Joseph G.; Shaw, Alan; Dinarello, Charles A.; Reichlin, Seymour; Lee, Stephanie L.; Lechan, Ronald M.

doi:10.1210/endo-126-6-3053

Cited by 146 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines mRNA have been previously found in other parts of the pituitary gland. In rat IL-1 mRNA was detected in pituicytes and thyrotrops (Koenig et al, 1990), while in the human expression of this mRNA was noted only in pituitary tumor cells (Tsagarakis et al, 1998). Additionaly studies carried out on rats and mice anterior pituitary showed that IL-1, IL-6 and TNFα are secreted by folliculo-stellate cells (Jovanović et al, 2014), and the presence of stellate cells is necessary for IL-6 secretion (Vankelecom et al, 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Photoperiod-dependent effect of inflammation on nocturnal gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and their receptors in <i>pars tuberalis</i> of ewe

2016

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Photoperiod-dependent effect of inflammation on nocturnal gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and their receptors in <i>pars tuberalis</i> of ewe

2016

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“…production of IL-6 (Koenig et al 1990, Spangelo et al 1990, Vankelecom et al 1989. The IL-6-gene contains a NF B binding site in its promoter region and IL-6 gene expression is activated by NF B (Libermann & Baltimore 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of proinflammatory cytokines on anterior pituitary 5'-deiodinase type I and type II

Baur¹,

Bauer²,

Jarry³

et al. 2000

Journal of Endocrinology

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Cytokines are locally produced in the anterior pituitary and act through para-/autocrine mechanisms to modulate cell growth and hormone production. 5 -Deiodinases type I (D1) and type II (D2) are also expressed in the anterior pituitary and play an integrative role in the regulation of hormone production and pituitary feedback. D1 activity is known to be regulated by proinflammatory cytokines in liver and thyroid. Therefore, we examined the effects of IL-1 , IL-6 and TNF on 5 -deiodinase activities in reaggregates of rat anterior pituitaries and rat somatomammotroph GH3 cells cultured alone, or in a bicameral culture system together with the murine folliculo-stellate (FS) cell line TtT/Gf. In reaggregate cultures of rat anterior pituitaries IL-1 stimulated D1 and D2 dosedependently and D2 activity was increased by TNF . When GH3 cells were cocultured with TtT/Gf cells, D2 activities were 2·3-fold lower than in GH3 cells cultured alone. TNF (50 ng/ml) and IL-6 (100 U/ml) stimulated D2 in GH3 cells when the cells were cultured alone and treated with these cytokines for 24 h. When TtT/Gf cells in the coculture model were treated with IL-1 , TNF and IL-6, no effect on D1 or D2 activities in GH3 cells was observed.In male, adult rats a single LPS injection (i.p.) stimulated D2 and D1 activities in the anterior pituitary, and decreased liver D1 activities and serum TSH levels. In vitro, LPS stimulation of the coculture model of GH3 and FS cells also increased D1 activity.Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs) revealed that IL-1 and TNF activate the transcription factor NF B in reaggregates of rat anterior pituitaries and in TtT/Gf cells cultured alone or cocultured with GH3 cells. Taken together, these findings imply that in anterior pituitary cells 5 -deiodinase activities are stimulated by locally produced cytokines in a para-/autocrine manner but cell types other than FS cells seem to mediate some of the effects.

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“…Indeed, the expression of its receptors was detected within the mouse adenohypophysis (Cunningham et al 1992). Moreover, IL-1b mRNA was identified in rat pituicytes after a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge, supporting the hypothesis that IL-1 b may be involved in paracrine or autocrine regulation of pituitary function during infectious challenge (Koenig et al 1990). However, the role of IL-1b in the brainendocrine-immune axis is not yet completely defined.…”

Section: Chemokine Modulation Of Normal Pituitary Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1/CXCL12) in regulating anterior pituitary function

Barbieri¹,

Bajetto²,

Porcile³

et al. 2007

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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Chemokines are key factors involved in the regulation of immune response, through the activation and control of leukocyte traffic, lymphopoiesis and immune surveillance. However, a large number of chemokines and their receptors are expressed in central nervous system (CNS) cells, either constitutively or induced by inflammatory stimuli, playing a role in many neuropathological processes. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1) is a chemokine whose extra-immunological localization and functions have been extensively studied. SDF1 and its receptor CXCR4 were identified in both neurons and glia of many brain areas, including the hypothalamus, as well as at the pituitary level. Importantly, SDF1 and CXCR4 expression is increased in brain tumors in which their activity induced tumor cell proliferation and brain parenchyma invasion. Despite their localization, to date very few reports addressed the role of CXCR4 and SDF1 in the modulation of the hypothalamus/pituitary axis and their possible involvement in the development of pituitary adenomas. In this review, we discuss previous literature data on the role of chemokines in normal and adenomatous pituitary cells, focusing on recent data from our group showing that CXCR4 activation controls proliferation and both prolactin and GH release in the pituitary adenoma cell line GH4C1 through a complex network of intracellular signals. Thus, the SDF1/CXCR4 system together with other chemokinergic ligand-receptor pairs, may represent a novel regulatory pathway for pituitary function and, possibly, be involved in pituitary adenoma development. These lines of evidence suggest that the inhibition of chemokine receptors may represent a novel pharmacological target for the treatment of pituitary adenomas.

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Intrinsic Pituitary Interleukin-1β Is Induced by Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide**

Cited by 146 publications

References 39 publications

Photoperiod-dependent effect of inflammation on nocturnal gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and their receptors in <i>pars tuberalis</i> of ewe

Photoperiod-dependent effect of inflammation on nocturnal gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and their receptors in <i>pars tuberalis</i> of ewe

Effects of proinflammatory cytokines on anterior pituitary 5'-deiodinase type I and type II

Role of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF1/CXCL12) in regulating anterior pituitary function

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