Intrinsic Oncolytic Activity of Hoshino Mumps Virus Vaccine Strain Against Human Fibrosarcoma and Cervical Cancer Cell Lines

Abstract

Background: The use of oncolytic viruses as therapeutic agents is a promising treatment for various human cancers. Several viruses have been extensively examined to achieve tumor cell death. Objectives: This study aimed at evaluating the natural oncolytic activity of mumps Hoshino vaccine strain against two human cancer cell lines, that is, HT1080 fibrosarcoma and HeLa cervical adenocarcinoma cell lines. Methods: The cytolytic activity of the virus was evaluated using an MTT assay. Apoptosis was detected by Annexin-V/propidium iodide (PI) staining and analyzed via flow cytometry. To indicate viral replication in vivo, nude mice with HeLa heterografts were treated with the Hoshino strain of mumps virus. Results: It was found that human fibrosarcoma and cervical cells were more sensitive to the mumps Hoshino strain, even at a very low multiplicity of infection (MOI) compared to normal human diploid cells. The results also showed that the Hoshino strain induced apoptosis in both cancer cells. A preliminary in vivo study revealed the significant suppression of tumor growth in the group treated with the mumps Hoshino strain compared to the control group. Conclusions: The Hoshino vaccine strain of mumps virus showed promising oncolytic activities against human fibrosarcoma and cervical adenocarcinoma cells.

Isolation and Characterization of a Discrete Genetically Homogeneous Viral Subpopulation of Mumps Virus RS-12 Strain with Superior Oncolytic Potency Compared to Its Progenitor Virus

“…Additionally, the flow cytometry results revealed that the MuV RS-12 strain not only triggered apoptosis in the cancer cell lines but also induced necrosis. In other studies, the induction of apoptosis and necrosis in different cells has been reported in other MuV strains (3,(11)(12)(13)21). Conversely, some previous studies found that the MuV small hydrophobic (SH) protein could prevent apoptosis by inhibiting the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) signaling (22)(23)(24).…”

“…In a previous study, the wild-type Urabe strain of mumps virus (MuV) was investi-gated clinically for its oncolytic activity (2). Since the discovery of the oncolytic activity of MuV in the mid-1970s, different MuV strains (natural/chimeric and wild/attenuated) have been found to be effective against a variety of cancers (3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11). According to previous studies, a combination of MuV and measles virus (MeV) vaccine strains can exert synergistic anti-tumor effects on cancerous cells (12,13).…”

The power of mumps virus: Matrix protein activates apoptotic pathways in human colorectal cell lines

“…This process depends on the BH3 or transmembrane (TM) regions in one protein and a hydrophobic pocket formed by BH1 to BH3 regions in other proteins that affects mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP) [15]. Some studies have discovered homologs of Bcl-2 in viral genomes that influence different aspects of viral pathogenesis [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Targeting viral death proteins may have clinical significance in treating tumor cells.…”

“…Although the destructive effects of mumps virus on CRC cells have not yet been studied, this property has been reported in other tumor cells [18,[27][28][29][30][31][32]. However, most studies have focused on the oncolytic effects of whole mumps virus particles.…”

“…The causative agent is an enveloped particle from the Paramyxoviridae family that contains a non-segmented negative-strand RNA molecule of 15,384 nucleotides. The encapsidated genome contains seven tandemly linked transcription units (Nucleo, V/phospho-/I proteins, matrix (M), fusion, small hydrophobic, hemagglutinin-neuraminidase, and large proteins) [ 18 ]. In addition to other paramyxoviruses (measles virus, Newcastle disease virus (NDV), peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), and canine distemper virus), mumps virus has captured the interest of scientists in treating human malignancies [ 26 ].…”