Intrinsic connections of macaque striate cortex: afferent and efferent connections of lamina 4C

Fitzpatrick, David; Lund, JS; Blasdel, GG

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.05-12-03329.1985

Cited by 278 publications

(214 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…These labeled cells also appear in layer VI when the injection site includes layer IV in addition to layers II and III. This result may possibly indicate interlaminar axonal projections from neurons of layers II and III or, as suggested by others (4,8,32), selective uptake by damaged axons or dendrites of infragranular pyramidal cells passing through the granular or supragranular layers, in register with the injection site.…”

Section: Cell Morphology and Laminar Distributionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Horizontal projections of area 17 in Cebus monkeys: metric features, and modular and laminar distribution

Amorim

1997

Braz J Med Biol Res

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Metric features and modular and laminar distributions of intrinsic projections of area 17 were studied in Cebus apella. Anterogradely and retrogradely labeled cell appendages were obtained using both saturated pellets and iontophoretic injections of biocytin into the operculum. Laminar and modular distributions of the labeled processes were analyzed using Nissl counterstaining, and/or cytochrome oxidase and/or NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry. We distinguished three labeled cell types: pyramidal, star pyramidal and stellate cells located in supragranular cortical layers (principally in layers IIIa, IIIb α, IIIb ß and IIIc). Three distinct axon terminal morphologies were found, i.e., Ia, Ib and II located in granular and supragranular layers. Both complete and partial segregation of group I axon terminals relative to the limits of the blobs of V1 were found. The results are compatible with recent evidence of incomplete segregation of visual information flow in V1 of Old and New World primates.

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Section: Cell Morphology and Laminar Distributionsupporting

confidence: 62%

Horizontal projections of area 17 in Cebus monkeys: metric features, and modular and laminar distribution

Amorim

1997

Braz J Med Biol Res

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“…2. Some of the crucial distinguishing features of the model, derived from biological data, are that the local lateral connectivity is nonspecific and isotropic, with lateral monosynaptic inhibition acting at shorter length scales than excitation (13)(14)(15)(16). Orientation and spatial phase preferences are conferred on cortical cells from the convergence of output from many LGN cells (17), with orientation preference laid out in pinwheel patterns (18)(19)(20)(21), and spatial phase preference varying widely from cortical cell to cortical cell (22).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An egalitarian network model for the emergence of simple and complex cells in visual cortex

Tao

Shelley²,

McLaughlin³

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

129

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We explain how simple and complex cells arise in a large-scale neuronal network model of the primary visual cortex of the macaque. Our model consists of Ϸ4,000 integrate-and-fire, conductance-based point neurons, representing the cells in a small, 1-mm 2 patch of an input layer of the primary visual cortex. In the model the local connections are isotropic and nonspecific, and convergent input from the lateral geniculate nucleus confers cortical cells with orientation and spatial phase preference. The balance between lateral connections and lateral geniculate nucleus drive determines whether individual neurons in this recurrent circuit are simple or complex. The model reproduces qualitatively the experimentally observed distributions of both extracellular and intracellular measures of simple and complex response. Simple and complex cells may have different tasks in visual perception. Cortical cells must represent spatial properties such as surface brightness and color and the perceptual spatial organization of a scene that is the basis of form. Simple cells are necessary for all of these functions because they are the visual cortical neurons that are able to respond monotonically to signed edge contrast. Complex cells, being insensitive to spatial phase, cannot provide a cortical representation of signed contrast, but they are sensitive to texture, firing at elevated rates in response to stimuli within their receptive fields.Although long-standing and with functional implications, the simple͞complex classification is hardly sharp. Recent work by Ringach et al. (2) analyzes the extracellular responses of neurons across many experiments in macaque V1. They find that many V1 cells are neither wholly simple nor wholly complex but lie somewhere in between. And although most cells in V1 might be classified as complex, the cortical layer that receives the bulk of lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) excitation, 4C, has simple and complex cells in approximately equal proportion.Associated with the simple͞complex classification is the influential hierarchical model of Hubel and Wiesel (1), shown schematically in Fig. 1a, wherein simple cells receive geniculate drive and the pooling of their phase-specific outputs drives the phase invariant responses of complex cells. As we argue in Results, this conception seems difficult to reconcile with recent experimental evidence. Chance, Nelson, and Abbott (3) have put forward a very different model that investigates the possible role of recurrent excitation in creating complex cells. In their model, the phase-specific outputs of excitatory simple cells drive cells coupled together in an excitatory recurrent network (Fig. 1b). Realizing this architecture by using a rate model for network activity, they find phase invariant, complex responses when recurrent excitation in the network dominates that of the simple cell inputs.Here, we study a large-scale model of the neuronal dynamics in layer 4C␣ of macaque V1, whose architecture is known better than for almost any other cortical area. Ou...

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“…Neurons in layer 3 lie one synapse downstream from the geniculate-receptive layers 4C␤ and 4A, which have few cells with orientation selectivity (Hubel and Wiesel, 1968;Dow, 1974;Bullier and Henry, 1980;Blasdel and Fitzpatrick, 1984;Anderson et al, 1993;Ringach et al, 1997). Layer 4B, the intralaminar projections of which form the stria of Gennari, is also one synapse removed from its geniculate input in layer 4C␣ (Fitzpatrick et al, 1985;Yabuta and Callaway, 1998a). Layer 4B has a system of axon terminal patches lying in tight register with that in the upper layers (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oriented Axon Projections in Primary Visual Cortex of the Monkey

2001

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One important aspect of the functional architecture of primary visual cortex is the circuitry that accounts for the receptive field properties of neurons. The anatomy that underlies retinotopy and ocular dominance is well known, but no anatomical structure related to orientation selectivity has been found in primates. We examined whether the arrangement of local axon systems projecting within the cortical layers might be correlated with orientation preference in New World monkeys. We found that axons in layer 3 spread out from the site of a tracer injection in an anisotropic manner and that this elongated distribution is aligned with the preferred orientation recorded at each site. Moreover, within a few degrees of the foveal representation, the majority of the axon terminals fall within or just outside of the limits of the cortical mapping of the classical receptive field. Thus local axons produce a field of monosynaptic excitation that aligns with orientation axes and reaches neurons that have receptive fields which are adjacent in visual space.

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Intrinsic connections of macaque striate cortex: afferent and efferent connections of lamina 4C

Cited by 278 publications

References 9 publications

Horizontal projections of area 17 in Cebus monkeys: metric features, and modular and laminar distribution

Horizontal projections of area 17 in Cebus monkeys: metric features, and modular and laminar distribution

An egalitarian network model for the emergence of simple and complex cells in visual cortex

Oriented Axon Projections in Primary Visual Cortex of the Monkey

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