Intriguing Role of Gut-Brain Axis on Cognition with an Emphasis on Interaction with Papez Circuit

Abstract

The gut microbiome is a complicated ecosystem of around a hundred billion symbiotic bacteria cells. Bidirectional communication between the gut and the brain is facilitated by the immune system, the enteric nervous system, the vagus nerve, and microbial compounds such as tryptophan metabolites and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). The current study emphasises the relationship of the gut-brain axis with cognitive performance and elucidates the underlying biological components, with a focus on neurotransmitters such as serotonin, indole derivatives, and catecholamine. These biological components play important roles in both the digestive and brain systems. Recent research has linked the gut microbiome to a variety of cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer's (AD). The review describes the intriguing role of the gut-brain axis in recognition memory depending on local network connections within the hippocampal as well as other additional hippocampal portions of the Papez circuit. The available data from various research papers show how the gut microbiota might alter brain function and hence psychotic and cognitive illnesses. The role of supplementary probiotics is emphasized for the reduction of brain-related dysfunction as a viable strategy in handling cognitive disorders. Further, the study elucidates the mode of action of probiotics with reported adverse effects.

Probiotics: Bridging the interplay of a healthy gut and psychoneurological well‐being

“…These microbes might be able to lessen the effects of diminished memory brought on by d ‐galactose ingestion. Probiotic strains such as Lactobacillus reuteri , Lactobacillus rhamnosus , and Bifidobacterium infantis have been shown in prior research to have positive effects on reducing both inflammation and oxidative stress in rat models when administered at a dosage of 10 10 CFU/mL per day for 10 weeks (Xavier et al, 2023). In rodent models of AD, researchers evaluated the anti‐Alzheimer capabilities of L. plantarum MTCC 1325 and found that it was effective in thwarting the symptoms of AD brought on by d ‐galactose (Zhao, Chen, et al, 2023).…”