Intravitreal Toxicity of Moxifloxacin

Aydın, Erdinç; Kazi, Abdul Ahad; Peyman, Gholam A.; Esfahani, Mohammad Riazi

doi:10.1097/00006982-200602000-00011

Cited by 43 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Intravitreal injections have emerged during the last years as a new very effective way for delivering therapeutic agents intraocularly [23][24][25], ameliorating the possible systemic effects of such agents. However, intravitreal administration poses also risks related both to the procedure of administration [26] and to the local toxicity of the various administered agents [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of potential retinal toxicity of adalimumab (Humira)

Tsilimbaris

Diakonis

Naoumidi

et al. 2009

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of potential retinal toxicity of adalimumab (Humira)

Tsilimbaris

Diakonis

Naoumidi

et al. 2009

Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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“…An in vitro study showed that at concentrations higher than 160 g/ml, moxifloxacin induced adverse effects on primary RPE and neuronal retinal cells with regard to cell proliferation and cell viability [29] . Further studies in vivo showed that intravitreal injection of moxifloxacin did not cause retinal toxicity up to 100 g/ml in mice or 150 g in rabbits [30] . In vivo, intravitreal injection of the other quinolone, gatifloxacin, at doses varying from 50 to 400 g, caused no retinal toxicity, assessed clinically and microscopically in rabbits [30] .…”

Section: Quinolonesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Further studies in vivo showed that intravitreal injection of moxifloxacin did not cause retinal toxicity up to 100 g/ml in mice or 150 g in rabbits [30] . In vivo, intravitreal injection of the other quinolone, gatifloxacin, at doses varying from 50 to 400 g, caused no retinal toxicity, assessed clinically and microscopically in rabbits [30] .…”

Section: Quinolonesmentioning

confidence: 96%

Retinal and Ocular Toxicity in Ocular Application of Drugs and Chemicals – Part II: Retinal Toxicity of Current and New Drugs

et al. 2010

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Aims: Retinal pharmacotherapy has gained great importance for the treatment of various retinal diseases. An increasing number of drugs have been constantly released into the market, especially for wet age-related macular disease and diabetic macular edema. In this review, the issues concerning the toxicity of current and new classes of drugs are discussed. Methods: An extensive search of the literature was performed to review various aspects of drug toxicity in retinal pharmacotherapy. The different major classes of drugs, such as corticosteroids, antibiotics, antimetabolites, antineoplastic agents, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, enzymes, fibrinolytics, miscellaneous anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic agents, as well as toxicity unrelated to the drug were identified and discussed. Results: Corticosteroids like fluocinolone, dexamethasone or triamcinolone at low dose cause little damage to the retina, but at high doses signs of toxicity have been well documented. Complications like cataract and glaucoma are quite common with corticosteroids. Aminoglycosides showed differences in the type and doses associated with toxic reactions, thereby the following order of toxicity can be described (from most toxic to least toxic): gentamicin > netilmicin = tobramycin > amikacin = kanamycin. Vancomycin at the usual dose of 1 mg is not toxic to the retina, while further studies are necessary in order to clarify the safety of new-generation quinolones. 5-Fluorouracil has been shown to be nontoxic to the retina after an injection of 2.5 mg in animals. mAbs like ranibizumab and bevacizumab were demonstrated to be safe to the retina in cell culture, animals and humans at high doses. The exact biocompatibility of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents like diclofenac needs further evaluation. Preservatives like benzyl alcohol and changes in pH or osmolarity exert an influence on the toxic effects of intravitreally applied drugs. Conclusions: A great number of drugs are now used mainly intravitreally without relevant retinal toxicity.

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“…The safety of ocular (topical and/or intra-vitreal) administration of ofloxacin [10][11][12], ciprofloxacin [10], evofloxacin [13], norfloxacin [14], trovafloxacin [15], moxifloxacin [16] and garenoxacin [17] has been investigated, and the results lead to the conclusion that FQs show varied affinity for retinal tissues and there are a marked differences among compounds for safe doses for ocular administration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%