Intravitreal Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor for Submacular Hemorrhage from Choroidal Neovascularization

Early treatment of acute submacular haemorrhage secondary to wet AMD using intravitreal tissue plasminogen activator, C3F8, and an anti-VEGF agent

“…Our results using tPA, gas, and an anti-VEGF agent indicate higher gains in visual acuity compared with anti-VEGF therapy alone, 5,6 or tPA and gas, 9,10 consistent with previous reports. 13 The improvement in visual acuity in our series was also comparable to that using vitrectomy, subretinal tPA, expansile gas, and an anti-VEGF agent, with a recent literature review concluding that the latter combination delivered the greatest visual gains.…”

“…Monotherapy using an anti-VEGF agent has demonstrated some success in stabilising and/or moderately improving visual acuity. 5,6 However, in many countries such as the United Kingdom where strict eligibility criteria exist regarding the use of anti-VEGF agents, such treatment may not be authorised for these patients as their presenting visual acuity is often too poor.…”

Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor monotherapy for large submacular hemorrhage secondary to neovascular age-related macular degeneration

“…Some of the patients with SMH secondary to nAMD from our previous study 12,13 were also included in the current study. However, the data from the previous study were re-evaluated using new criteria and included in the study.…”

“…Encouraging results for intravitreal anti-VEGF monotherapy have been reported in patients with SMH related to nAMD. [11][12][13] However, to date, only a few clinical studies with small study populations have investigated the efficacy of anti-VEGF treatments for large SMH associated with nAMD. In this study, we evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravitreal anti-VEGF injection therapy for large SMH secondary to nAMD.…”

Vitrectomy with subretinal tissue plasminogen activator and ranibizumab for submacular haemorrhages secondary to age-related macular degeneration: retrospective case series of 45 consecutive cases

“…3 Bennett et al 4 found that patients with submacular haemorrhage associated with AMD involving the fovea had a mean visual acuity of 20/1700 at final follow-up. A number of interventions have been proposed, including intravitreal anti-VEGF alone, 5,6 intravitreal anti-VEGF combined with intravitreal gas and/or recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA), 7,8 and vitrectomy with subretinal rtPA and anti-VEGF. 9,10 One retrospective comparative case series suggested that subretinal rtPA was more effective than intravitreal rtPA.…”