A tumor is a multicomponent, spatially difficult organi-zated system, which is characterized by individual characteristics for each patient. In vitro cell model creating that is close in structure and properties to the natural tumor system will promotes to solving such practical and theoretical problems of modern oncology as identifying the biological patterns of tumor growth, the behavior of cells of the immune system, testing potential antitumor drugs, determining the effectiveness of methods chemo-, radio-, photodynamic, targeted and immunotherapy. Such model can be three-dimensional cellular structures - spheroids (tumoroids). The review presents data about the features of three-dimensional cell modeling, the characteristics of existing 3D models and their application in experimental and clinical studies.