Intravenous vitamin K₁ normalises prothrombin time in 1 hour in dogs with anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis

Abstract

Four dogs with anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis were treated with intravenous vitamin K1 in lieu of plasma transfusion due to client cost constraints. Two dogs experienced a suspected anaphylactoid reaction, necessitating cessation of the treatment in one dog. Prothrombin time was rechecked 1 h after treatment in the remaining three dogs and all results were within the normal reference range. All four dogs were discharged from hospital within 48 h of presentation. Intravenous vitamin K1 rapidly reverses the coagulopathic state in dogs with anticoagulant rodenticide toxicosis. It is a viable alternative therapy to plasma transfusion if circumstances preclude its use; however, patients must be monitored for anaphylactoid reactions.

Clinical features, concurrent disorders, and survival time in cats with suppurative cholangitis-cholangiohepatitis syndrome

“…37 We encountered no adverse events associated with SC or IM vitamin K 1 administration but caution that IV administration should be avoided because of risk for anaphylactoid reaction. [38][39][40] Among cats with S-CCHS undergoing enteric or pancreatic biopsies, we confirmed IBD in 88% and pancreatitis in 93%. These are higher frequencies than previously reported for a small necropsybased study 6 of feline S-CCHS that reported 44% and 58% frequencies of IBD and pancreatitis, respectively.…”

Presumptive Haematomyelia Secondary to Warfarin Toxicosis in a Dog

“…It is recommended that the vitamin K injections are subsequently followed by the oral administration of 2.5 mg/kg/q12h for seven days [ 32 ]. A recent study with 4 dogs describes intravenous administration of vitamin K to rapidly reverse the clotting factor deficiency; however, this may carry a substantial risk of anaphylactoid reaction [ 33 ].…”

“…Another reported option for rapid provision of coagulation factors in these cases is through transfusion of a blood product containing plasma [ 34 ]. A blood transfusion was not performed in this case given that the administration of vitamin K1 IV has been shown to facilitate the restoration of coagulation factors in less time [ 33 ], which in turn has the potential to reduce the degree of haemorrhage and thus the subsequent neurological deficits.…”

Downregulation of miR-451a in plasma may promote prothrombin expression and contribute to high blood coagulation state in gestational diabetes mellitus

“…Prothrombin is a serum clotting factor that is synthesized in the liver and dependent on vitamin K [5]. Factor Xa complex acts on prothrombin, breaking the two bonds on prothrombin, forming thrombin F1 and F2 (F1+2) [5].…”

“…Prothrombin is a serum clotting factor that is synthesized in the liver and dependent on vitamin K [5]. Factor Xa complex acts on prothrombin, breaking the two bonds on prothrombin, forming thrombin F1 and F2 (F1+2) [5]. Thrombin F1+2 reflects the activity of factor Xa complex and is a specific molecular marker for the activation of prothrombin [6].…”