Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate Rapidly Alleviates Headaches of Various Types

Mauskop, Alexander; Altura, Bella T.; Cracco, Roger Q.; Altura, Burton M.

doi:10.1046/j.1526-4610.1996.3603154.x

Cited by 110 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…However, according to the observation on the limited number of patients, recurrent headaches occurred earlier with magnesium than with sumatriptan treatment. Our results are in accordance with those of Mauskop et al [12,13], who reported successful headache relief with the intravenous magnesium treatment in 80% of patients with various types of headache. In the first of two double-blind, randomized studies of intravenous magnesium treatment, comparison of the efficacies of prochlorperazine and magnesium sulfate revealed a moderate magnesium efficacy (56%) in acute headache treatment [14].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Several trials of intravenously administered magnesium in the treatment of headache attacks (including migraine) were conducted with a wide spectrum of results, ranging from very enthusiastic [12][13][14] to highly disappointing [15]. Therefore, the aim of this open study was to estimate the efficacy of intravenous magnesium sulfate (1 g) in the treatment of severe migraine attacks.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Efficacy of intravenous magnesium sulfate in severe migraine attacks

Zidverc-Trajković¹,

Pavlović²,

Jovanović³

et al. 2001

J Headache Pain

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IntroductionA possible link between magnesium deficiency and some types of headache, particularly migraine, has long been suggested. In 1976, Durlach [1] found increased concentration of magnesium in the urine of migraine patients and presumed it to be a result of a transitory serum magnesium decrease in migraine attack. This hypothesis was further corroborated by the observations that in migraine patients intracellular magnesium was reduced during attacks in the brain [2], serum [3,4] and saliva [4], and between attacks in blood [5], erythrocytes, mononuclear cells [6,7] and cerebrospinal fluid [8]. However, several studies did not confirm these findings [9,10]. Therefore, Ferrari and Bach [11] concluded that although "no consistent pattern can be detected with respect to circulating magnesium levels in migraine patients", magnesium in the brain might be involved in migraine pathophysiology.Several trials of intravenously administered magnesium in the treatment of headache attacks (including migraine) were conducted with a wide spectrum of results, ranging from very enthusiastic [12-14] to highly disappointing [15]. Therefore, the aim of this open study was to estimate the efficacy of intravenous magnesium sulfate (1 g) in the treatment of severe migraine attacks. Abstract The aim of this open study was to make a preliminary estimate of the efficacy and tolerability of intravenously administered magnesium sulfate (1 g) in comparison to subcutaneously administered sumatriptan in the treatment of severe migraine attacks. The study comprised 22 consecutive patients whose attacks were treated with magnesium sulfate (5 ml of a 20% solution), and the results were compared with those of another group of 14 consecutive patients whose attacks were treated with sumatriptan (6 mg). Immediately before and 10, 20 and 30 minutes after injections, patients reported pain intensity on a verbal 0-10 scale. Pain disappearance or pain relief >50% were considered significant. Efficacy of sumatriptan was superior that of to magnesium sulfate 20 minutes after the injections (p<0.05) and comparable after 30 minutes (magnesium therapy was successful in 68% in comparison to 79% of patients treated with sumatriptan). After only 10 minutes, 3 patients treated with magnesium sulfate were pain free, with the same effect in 5 (22.5%) and 10 (45%) patients after 20 and 30 minutes, respectively. The rate of headache recurrence was low and no major adverse effects were recorded. In conclusion, magnesium sulfate may be a well-tolerated pharmacological alternative for the treatment of severe migraine attacks.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of intravenous magnesium sulfate in severe migraine attacks

Zidverc-Trajković¹,

Pavlović²,

Jovanović³

et al. 2001

J Headache Pain

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“…Mauskop and Altura found significant rise of the ratio during the luteal phase when progesterone levels peaked and predicted its possible role in menstrual migraines. 17,18 The Serum Ca 2+ /Mg 2+ ratio in menopause was significantly lower than that in ovulatory and luteal phases of normal cycling women in the present study. No significant positive correlation was obtained between estrogen and progesterone with Ca 2+ /Mg 2+ ratio in menopausal women (Table 1-4).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

A study on the relation between sex steroids and divalent cations in women of menopausal and reproductive age group

Sukumaran¹

2016

Int J Res Med Sci

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INTRODUCTIONMenopause is the time when permanent cessation of menstruation occurs following the loss of ovarian activity. The years prior to menopause that encompasses the change from normal ovulatory cycles to cessation of menses are known as peri-menopausal transitional years. It takes twelve months of amenorrhea to confirm that menopause has set in and therefore it is a retrospective diagnosis.During menopause, the levels of estrogen and progesterone are very low. In menopausal women the levels of Mg 2+ were sufficiently higher than the levels seen in normal cycling women. It was concluded that Mg 2+ level was inversely and significantly related to serum estrogen levels in menopausal women and in reproductive age group.It has been well documented that during the menopausal stage of a women's life, bone metabolism is increased to a point where breakdown is more prevalent than build up. ABSTRACTBackground: Menopause is the time when permanent cessation of menstruation occurs following the loss of ovarian activity. Though there is a relation between the divalent cations and sex hormones, and the lack of sufficient literature on their relation with sex hormones, the present study was conducted to compare and correlate the relation between levels of sex hormones and divalent cations in normal healthy menopausal women and the different phases of menstrual cycle in healthy women of reproductive age group. Methods: The study was performed after institutional ethical clearance and informed consent from all the subjects. The study included three groups of 30 subjects each of reproductive age and postmenopausal women with less than 10 years of menopause and more than 10 years of menopause. Blood samples were obtained from the control group, one each in early follicular phase, ovulatory phase and during luteal phase for estimation of calcium, magnesium and the level of sex hormones and compared with that of postmenopausal group using commercially available kit. The values are expressed as mean ± S.D. The comparison between the different phases of menstrual cycle in reproductive age group with menopausal women was performed using student t test. Correlation between different parameters were done using Pearson correlation test. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: The correlation of progesterone with magnesium and calcium/magnesium ratio in women of reproductive age group was significant. The correlation of estrogen with calcium and magnesium in women more than 10 years after menopause was found to be significant. Conclusions: A low level of estrogen supplementation may be more acceptable, because of its negative correlation with serum magnesium, and thus helping to maintain an adequate protective level of Mg 2+ circulating in the blood. Therefore, it is necessary for maintaining optimum Ca

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“…This number is somewhat higher than in the studies of Pfaffenrath et al [20] (28.6%) and of Peikert et al [21] (18.6%), but in the latter study 2 patients (5%) had to discontinue treatment because of diarrhea [21]. This side effect seems to occur only with oral intake of magnesium, as we did not encounter any gastrointestinal side effects in our study with intravenous MgSO 4 [43], nor did Mauskop et al in a similar study [44]. Our total frequency of side effects with magnesium (47.8%) is comparable to that in other studies which reported frequencies of 37.2% [21] and 45.7% [20].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 49%

A comparative study of magnesium, flunarizine and amitriptyline in the prophylaxis of migraine

et al. 2000

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Circumstantial evidence points to the possible role of magnesium (Mg +2 ) deficiency in the pathogenesis of migraine and has raised questions about the clinical utility of magnesium as a therapeutic regimen in migraine. This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial comparing the efficacy and tolerability of 1830 mg magnesium citrate (23 patients), 10 mg flunarizine (22 patients) and 10 mg amitriptyline (20 patients) with placebo (22 patients) in the prophylaxis of migraine diagnosed according to the criteria of the International Headache Society. Patients were evaluated for attack frequency, severity and drug side effects monthly for 3 months. Magnesium, flunarizine and amitriptyline were all superior to placebo (p<0.001) in reducing both attack frequency and severity after the first month. There was no significant difference between the 3 active drugs in reduction of attack frequency and severity. No serious side effects were observed and the frequencies of side effects were not significantly different in all treatment groups. Our results show that oral magnesium is an effective and well tolerated drug in the prophylaxis of migraine and compares well to established drugs like flunarizine and amitriptyline both in effectiveness and occurence of side effects. Magnesium may be an alternative drug in migraine prophylaxis, but more and larger comparative trials are needed to confirm these results.

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Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate Rapidly Alleviates Headaches of Various Types

Cited by 110 publications

References 35 publications

Efficacy of intravenous magnesium sulfate in severe migraine attacks

Efficacy of intravenous magnesium sulfate in severe migraine attacks

A study on the relation between sex steroids and divalent cations in women of menopausal and reproductive age group

A comparative study of magnesium, flunarizine and amitriptyline in the prophylaxis of migraine

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