Intravenous Infusion of Halothane Dissolved in Fat. Haemodynamic Effects in Dogs

Abstract

Eight harrier dogs received an i.v. infusion of halothane dissolved 1:9 in a fat emulsion for i.v. nutrition (Intralipid, Vitrum). The rate of infusion was adjusted to maintain end-tidal halothane concentrations of 0.7% and 1.4%. At 1.4%, mean arterial pressure decreased to 76 +/- 8 mmHg (10.1 +/- 1.0 kPa) (mean +/- s.e.mean) from a pre-infusion value of 122 +/- 6 mmHg (16.2 +/- 0.8 kPa) (P less than 0.01). The concomitant decrease in cardiac output was 39% and left ventricular maximum dp/dt decreased by 50% (P less than 0.01). Changes in systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary arterial pressure were small. The haemodynamic responses during halothane inhalation, to corresponding end-tidal concentrations, were similar. Arterial and mixed venous halothane concentration increased in proportion to end-tidal concentration. There were no changes in arterial PO2 during the halothane-in-fat infusion. Triglyceride concentrations in plasma increased 12-fold. Haemodynamic recovery after the infusion was fast. We conclude that the halothane-in-fat infusion caused a dose-dependent depression of myocardial contractility and arterial pressure, similar to that seen during inhalation, and that end-tidal concentration could be used for control of the infusion rate.

Nanoemulsions in Medicine

“…delivery of anesthetics is of interest because it offers several unique pharmacodynamic improvements, including faster induction. 101,102 Direct injection of neat anesthetic, however, has lead to severe complications, if not death, while emulsified anesthetics have shown no such toxicity. 103 A NE of propofol is commercially available and is widely used to induce anesthesia.…”

General anesthesia with an injectable 8% v/v sevoflurane lipid emulsion administered intravenously to dogs

“…Complications of IV injection of liquid inhalation anesthetics have included lung injury with acute respiratory failure, cardiovascular instability, pulmonary damage, and hemorrhage (Biber et al. ; Kawamoto et al. ; Musser et al.…”

Synthesis, emulsification and self-assembly properties of sugar-containing semifluorinated amphiphiles

“…Finer control of anesthesia could be achieved with the use of the same agents if they were to be delivered intravenously. 2 Lipid emulsions have been used as a means of delivery for halothane 3-5 and, more recently, isoflurane and sevoflurane. 6-8 However, fluorinated anesthetics, such as sevoflurane, do not mix well with classic non-fluorophilic lipids.…”