Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for refractory Clostridium difficile toxin colitis in chronic kidney disease: case reports and literature review

Intravenous Immunoglobulin for the Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infection: A Review

“…Its use for severe CDI was reported 7 years later [36]. Since then, a total of 15 reports have been published on IVIG for either relapsing or severe CDI treatment [25,[35][36][37][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57].…”

“…The combined study population is composed of 46 patients (Table 1), described in 11 different reports: six case reports and five case series [25,35,37,47,[50][51][52][53][54][55]57]. The Dig Dis Sci (2011) 56:19- 26 21 average age was 63 years, (range: 1-97 years), with 58% of the patients being females.…”

Intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of severe Clostridium difficile colitis: An observational study and review of the literature

“…It was not until 7 years later, in 1997, that the first IVIG use for severe CDC was reported. 22 Since then, a total of 13 works have been published on IVIG for CDC treatment, and only in 5 of these was IVIG administered for severe CDC treatment: [21][22][23][24][25] 3 case reports, 1 case series, and 1 case-control study. Although the 4 uncontrolled reports concluded that IVIG is beneficial for severe CDC, the only controlled study reported no significant difference between cases and controls for all-cause mortality, length of stay, and colectomy rate.…”

“…McPherson et al 21 and Hassoun and Ibrahim 24 defined severe disease as one causing pancolitis on CT scan either with or without megacolon. In the study by Juang et al, 25 disease severity was assessed using the modified criteria of Rubin et al 9 Salcedo et al 22 defined severe CDC as one causing pancolitis in one patient and thumbprinting on CT scan in another, whereas Chandrasekar et al 23 defined it as one causing shock requiring inotropic support and presence of pseudomembranes on colonoscopy. The present report is unique in that it provided 2 scales to characterize disease in each patient.…”

Emergence of non-multiresistant methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus as the commonest pathogen causing skin infections in a rural Australian city

“…8 For instance, Chandrasekar et al in a recent study successfully used intravenous immunoglobulins for the management of patients with refractory Clostridium difficile disease and underlying chronic kidney disease. 9 Another treatment option is fecal transplantation via a colonoscope or nasogastric tube. For instance, Persky et al have reported the case of a 60-year-old woman with refractory Clostridium difficile disease who was successfully treated by the transplantation of stool that was administered via a colonoscope.…”