Intravenous fluids and their use in sport: A position statement from the Australian Institute of Sport

Pomroy, Samantha; Lovell, Greg; Hughes, David; Vlahovich, Nicole

doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2019.10.020

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…However, no differences are observed in thermal strain when preloaded with intravenous fluids (840,1020). Moreover, intravenous fluid use in Olympic sports must comply with the World Anti-Doping Code and may require a Therapeutic Use Exemptions (TUE) to be granted with appropriate clinical justification (751). Therefore, the focus in this section is on oral hyperhydration, as most athletes are unlikely to use intravenous methods.…”

Section: Water Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise under heat stress: thermoregulation, hydration, performance implications, and mitigation strategies

Périard

Eijsvogels²,

Daanen

2021

Physiological Reviews

218

166

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A rise in body core temperature and loss of body water via sweating are natural consequences of prolonged exercise in the heat. This review provides a comprehensive and integrative overview of how the human body responds to exercise under heat stress and the countermeasures that can be adopted to enhance aerobic performance under such environmental conditions. The fundamental concepts and physiological processes associated with thermoregulation and fluid balance are initially described, followed by a summary of methods to determine thermal strain and hydration status. An outline is provided on how exercise-heat stress disrupts these homeostatic processes, leading to hyperthermia, hypohydration, sodium disturbances and in some cases exertional heat illness. The impact of heat stress on human performance is also examined, including the underlying physiological mechanisms that mediate the impairment of exercise performance. Similarly, the influence of hydration status on performance in the heat and how systemic and peripheral hemodynamic adjustments contribute to fatigue development is elucidated. This review also discusses strategies to mitigate the effects of hyperthermia and hypohydration on exercise performance in the heat, by examining the benefits of heat acclimation, cooling strategies and hyperhydration. Finally, contemporary controversies are summarized and future research directions provided.

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Section: Water Loadingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise under heat stress: thermoregulation, hydration, performance implications, and mitigation strategies

Périard

Eijsvogels²,

Daanen

2021

Physiological Reviews

218

166

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Die Symptomkontrolle steht im Mittelpunkt therapeutischer Ansätze bei Laufveranstaltungen (Tab. 3 ; [ 2 , 44 ]). Nach Beendigung der Belastung kann es zur weiteren Absorption von Flüssigkeit aus dem Gastrointestinaltrakt kommen, was in der Zunahme der Symptome münden kann [ 2 ].…”

Section: Verletzungs- Und Erkrankungsbilderunclassified

“…Bei Patienten mit milden Symptomen sollte die Flüssigkeitszufuhr oral erfolgen [ 44 , 45 ]. Die intravenöse Flüssigkeitszufuhr sollte kritisch kranken Patienten mit einer schweren Dehydratation (Verlust von > 7 % des Körpergewichts, Hypotonie) oder eingeschränkter oraler Aufnahme (Übelkeit, Erbrechen) vorbehalten bleiben und unter engmaschiger klinischer Überwachung durchgeführt werden [ 44 , 45 ]. Zur intravenösen Substitution können 0,9 % NaCl-Lösung oder balancierte Vollelektrolytlösungen verwendet werden ([ 1 ]; Infobox 1 ).…”

Section: Verletzungs- Und Erkrankungsbilderunclassified

Medical emergencies during running events

Finke

Jänig

Deschler

et al. 2021

Notfall Rettungsmed

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Zusammenfassung Hintergrund Die Anzahl an kurz- und langstreckigen Laufveranstaltungen in Deutschland nimmt zu. Laufen als Breitensport wird von einer Vielzahl an Personen unterschiedlicher Altersklassen, Risikogruppen und Professionalisierungsgrade betrieben, woraus ein breites Spektrum medizinischer Notfälle resultiert. Ziel der Arbeit Der vorliegende Beitrag erläutert die Inzidenz, Pathophysiologie und Therapie relevanter Notfallbilder bei Laufveranstaltungen. Ziel ist die Optimierung der Arbeitsabläufe des Rettungsdienstpersonals. Material und Methoden Es erfolgte eine Literaturrecherche in PubMed. Ergebnisse Anstrengungsassoziierte Muskelkrämpfe, gastrointestinale Symptome, Kollaps, Kompartmentsyndrom und Tendinopathien sind häufige Erscheinungsbilder und resultieren meist aus akuter oder chronischer Überanstrengung. Der Kreislaufstillstand bzw. plötzliche Herztod ist ein seltenes Ereignis bei Laufveranstaltungen. Bewusstseinsstörungen und generalisierte Krampfanfälle sind schwerwiegende Komplikationen. Disseminierte intravasale Koagulopathie, belastungsinduzierte Hyponatriämie, Hitzschlag, Rhabdomyolyse und thromboembolische Ereignisse sind mit hoher Morbidität und Mortalität verbunden. Substanzen zur Erhöhung der Schmerzschwelle und leistungssteigernde Substanzen sind unter Läufern stark verbreitet und gehen mit einer hohen Rate an Nebenwirkungen einher. Diskussion Unspezifische Symptome wie Erbrechen, Fieber, Kollaps, Muskelschmerzen, Übelkeit, und Schwäche sind die führenden Symptome bei Laufveranstaltungen. Eine sorgfältige Anamnese ist wegweisend für eine zielgerichtete klinische Therapie. Präklinisch steht eine Symptomkontrolle im Mittelpunkt. Das Flüssigkeitsmanagement stellt eine besondere Herausforderung dar.

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The Effect of Pre-Exercise Hyperhydration on Exercise Performance, Physiological Outcomes and Gastrointestinal Symptoms: A Systematic Review

et al. 2023

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Background Fluid loss during prolonged exercise in hot conditions poses thermoregulatory and cardiovascular challenges for athletes that can lead to impaired performance. Pre-exercise hyperhydration using nutritional aids is a strategy that may prevent or delay the adverse effects of dehydration and attenuate the impact of heat stress on exercise performance. Objectives The aim of this systematic review was to examine the current literature to determine the effect of pre-exercise hyperhydration on performance, key physiological responses and gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods English language, full-text articles that compared the intervention with a baseline or placebo condition were included. An electronic search of Medline Complete, SPORTDiscus and Embase were used to identify articles with the final search conducted on 11 October 2022. Studies were assessed using the American Dietetic Association Quality Criteria Checklist. Results Thirty-eight studies involving 403 participants (n = 361 males) were included in this review (n = 22 assessed exercise performance or capacity). Two studies reported an improvement in time-trial performance (range 5.7–11.4%), three studies reported an improvement in total work completed (kJ) (range 4–5%) and five studies reported an increase in exercise capacity (range 14.3–26.2%). During constant work rate exercise, nine studies observed a reduced mean heart rate (range 3–11 beats min−1), and eight studies reported a reduced mean core temperature (range 0.1–0.8 °C). Ten studies reported an increase in plasma volume (range 3.5–12.6%) compared with a control. Gastrointestinal symptoms were reported in 26 studies, with differences in severity potentially associated with factors within the ingestion protocol of each study (e.g. treatment, dose, ingestion rate). Conclusions Pre-exercise hyperhydration may improve exercise capacity during constant work rate exercise due to a reduced heart rate and core temperature, stemming from an acute increase in plasma volume. The combination of different osmotic aids (e.g. glycerol and sodium) may enhance fluid retention and this area should continue to be explored. Future research should utilise valid and reliable methods of assessing gastrointestinal symptoms. Furthermore, studies should investigate the effect of hyperhydration on different exercise modalities whilst implementing a strong level of blinding. Finally, females are vastly underrepresented, and this remains a key area of interest in this area.

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Intravenous fluids and their use in sport: A position statement from the Australian Institute of Sport

Cited by 4 publications

References 34 publications

Exercise under heat stress: thermoregulation, hydration, performance implications, and mitigation strategies

Exercise under heat stress: thermoregulation, hydration, performance implications, and mitigation strategies

Medical emergencies during running events

The Effect of Pre-Exercise Hyperhydration on Exercise Performance, Physiological Outcomes and Gastrointestinal Symptoms: A Systematic Review

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