Intravenous drug use and HIV transmission amongst inmates in Scottish prisons

Power, Kevin; Marková, Ivana; Rowlands, Alison; McKee, Kevin; Anslow, P J; Kilfedder, Catherine

doi:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1992.tb01898.x

Cited by 59 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Some have suggested that the majority of HCV infections among IDUs occur outside prison [24,25] and that HCV transmission in prison is uncommon [10][11][12]. The reason for the difference in HCV incidence is that those studies recruited prisoners without specific risk factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Incidence and risk for acute hepatitis C infection during imprisonment in Australia

et al. 2010

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To determine hepatitis C incidence and the demographic and behavioural predictors in seronegative drug injecting prisoners. Prisoners in New South Wales, Australia who: were aged 18 years and over; reported IDU; had been continuously imprisoned; had a documented negative HCV antibody test result in prison in the last 12 months; provided written informed consent. Subjects were interviewed about their demographic characteristics and detailed risk factors for transmission prior to, and since, imprisonment. A blood sample was collected to screen for HCV antibodies by ELISA and RNA by PCR. Of 253 inmates recruited, 120 were continuously imprisoned and included in this analysis. Sixteen acquired HCV infection indicating an incidence of 34.2 per 100 person years (CI: 19.6-55.6). Risk factors for transmission included prior imprisonment, methadone treatment and greater than 10 years of education. Although the frequency of injecting was reduced in prison, 33.6% continued to inject drugs, most commonly methamphetamine, and 90% of these reported sharing injecting equipment. Prison inmates were at high risk of HCV infection, despite some reduction in high-risk behaviours and access to prevention services. To prevent HCV transmission in prisons, better prevention strategies are required.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Incidence and risk for acute hepatitis C infection during imprisonment in Australia

et al. 2010

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“…Prisons contain a sizeable sample of marginalized people, and they can readily be approached in research projects [2]. Prison populations have an overrepresentation of problematic alcohol and drug users [8][9][10][11][12][13]. A meta-analysis of surveys T. Lintonen (&) Á Y. Obstbaum Finnish Foundation for Alcohol Studies, Helsinki, Finland e-mail: tomi.lintonen@uta.fi on alcohol and drug use in prison in Anglo-Saxon countries shows that different surveys tend to yield highly variable estimates on substance abuse and dependence in prisons, but any estimate is typically much higher than in the general population [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The changing picture of substance abuse problems among Finnish prisoners

Lintonen

Obstbaum

Aarnio³

et al. 2011

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

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“…11 In addition to the high prevalence of HIV among recent admitted individuals, it is wellknown that in some prisons risk behavior for HIV infection can be very high. 14,16 A number of studies conducted in the United States and elsewhere have found that a substantial proportion of prisoners engage in highrisk sexual activity and/or intravenous drug use while in prison. 14,16,17 In a recent Scottish study 5 it was demonstrated that 27% of the inmates reported injecting drug usage any time in life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between HIV and HCV in Brazilian prisoners: evidence for parenteral transmission inside prison

et al. 2000

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ObjectiveIt is an accepted fact that confinement conditions increase the risk of some infections related to sexual and/or injecting drugs practices. Mathematical techniques were applied to estimate time-dependent incidence densities of HIV infection among inmates. Methods A total of 631 prisoners from a Brazilian prison with 4,900 inmates at that time were interviewed and their blood drawn. Risky behavior for HIV infection was analyzed, and serological tests for HIV, hepatitis C and syphilis were performed, intended as surrogates for parenteral and sexual HIV transmission, respectively. Mathematical techniques were used to estimate the incidence density ratio, as related to the time of imprisonment. Results Prevalence were: HIV -16%; HCV -34%; and syphilis -18%. The main risk behaviors related to HIV infection were HCV prevalence (OR=10.49) and the acknowledged use of injecting drugs (OR=3.36). Incidence density ratio derivation showed that the risk of acquiring HIV infection increases with the time of imprisonment, peaking around three years after incarceration. ConclusionsThe correlation between HIV and HCV seroprevalence and the results of the mathematical analysis suggest that HIV transmission in this population is predominantly due to parenteral exposure by injecting drug, and that it increases with time of imprisonment. Resumo Objetivo

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Intravenous drug use and HIV transmission amongst inmates in Scottish prisons

Cited by 59 publications

References 6 publications

Incidence and risk for acute hepatitis C infection during imprisonment in Australia

Incidence and risk for acute hepatitis C infection during imprisonment in Australia

The changing picture of substance abuse problems among Finnish prisoners

Correlation between HIV and HCV in Brazilian prisoners: evidence for parenteral transmission inside prison

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