Intrauterine transmission of hepatitis B virus is closely related to placental leakage

Ohto, Hitoshi; Tohyama, Hiroshi; Lin, Ho‐Hsiung; Kawana, Takashi; Etoh, Takashi

doi:10.1002/jmv.1890210102

Cited by 51 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…(4) Infants born to mothers positive for HBeAg and mothers with very high serum DNA levels ((>= 10 9 copies per mL) are at risk for acquiring HBV despite receiving active and passive immunization within 24 hours postpartum. (5–7) Transplacental transmission can occur due to leakage, such as during a threatened abortion. Amniocentesis in HBsAg positive mothers can be another risk of HBV transmission.…”

Section: Hbvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B and C

Karnsakul

Schwarz

2017

Pediatric Clinics of North America

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Synopsis Provide a brief summary of your article (100 to 150 words; no references or figures/tables). The synopsis appears only in the table of contents and is often used by indexing services such as PubMed Chronic viral hepatitis continues to be a global health threat and a financial burden. Hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV) are the most common causes of chronic viral hepatitis in the United States. The majority of cases are asymptomatic during childhood and young adulthood. Cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma are rare during childhood but commonly expected in adulthood. Efforts from worldwide health organizations, pharmaceutical industries, and clinical and research institutions have resulted in much new knowledge, very effective therapy for HCV-infected children and the promise of new effective therapies for HBV-infected children. For HCV-infected children the current standard of care is pegylated interferon and ribavirin but clinical trials with highly effective direct acting antiviral agents are currently underway in the pediatric age group. There are currently 5 FDA-approved agents for HBV-infected children: alpha-interferon, lamivudine, adefovir, tenofovir, and entecavir. However treatment with these agents seldom results in a functional cure and more effective therapies are urgently needed

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Section: Hbvmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B and C

Karnsakul

Schwarz

2017

Pediatric Clinics of North America

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“…40–42 Intrauterine transplacental transmission due to leakage of maternal blood can occur during threatened abortion. 43,44 The risk of transmission of HBV from amniocentesis is low; in one study, the rate of MTCT did not significantly differ between women with HBV who underwent amniocentesis from those who did not undergo amniocentesis (9 vs 11%). 45 The effect of other invasive procedures during pregnancy (chorionic villus sampling, cordocentesis, fetal surgery) on the risk of HBV transmission is unknown.…”

Section: Hepatitis B In Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis B and C in pregnancy: a review and recommendations for care

et al. 2014

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Our objective was to provide a comprehensive review of the current knowledge regarding pregnancy and hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection as well as recent efforts to reduce the rate of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT). Maternal infection with either HBV or HCV has been linked to adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes, including MTCT. MTCT for HBV has been reduced to approximately 5% overall in countries including the US that have instituted postpartum neonatal HBV vaccination and immunoprophylaxis with hepatitis B immune globulin. However, the rate of transmission of HBV to newborns is nearly 30% when maternal HBV levels are greater than 200 000 IU ml−1 (>6 log10 copies ml−1). For these patients, new guidelines from the European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) and the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) indicate that, in addition to neonatal vaccination and immunoprophylaxis, treating with antiviral agents such as tenofovir disoproxil fumarate or telbivudine during pregnancy beginning at 32 weeks of gestation is safe and effective in preventing MTCT. In contrast to HBV, no therapeutic agents are yet available or recommended to further decrease the risk of MTCT of HCV, which remains 3 to 10%. HCV MTCT can be minimized by avoiding fetal scalp electrodes and birth trauma whenever possible. Young women with HCV should be referred for treatment post delivery, and neonates should be closely followed to rule out infection. New, better-tolerated treatment regimens for HCV are now available, which should improve outcomes for all infected individuals.

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“…Several retrospective and prospective studies have demonstrated that maternal positivity for hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and increased HBV DNA levels are associated with vertical transmission of HBV infection. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] Nucleoside analogs such as lamivudine have been used for treatment of HBV infection during pregnancy to prevent HBV perinatal transmission. 13,14 However, vertical transmission occurs despite prolonged lamivudine therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%