Intrauterine noise: A component of the fetal environment

Walker, David W.; Grimwade, James; Wood, Carl

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(71)90840-4

Cited by 126 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In the past it was thought that maternal tissues and fluids provided adequate protection of the fetus from external environmental sounds, based on measurements made following the insertion of rubber-enclosed microphones into the uterus [Bench, 1968;Grimwade et al, 1970;Walker et al, 1971]. These studies found that external sounds were attenuated by 20-40 dB for lower frequencies and 70-85 dB for higher frequencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Long-Term Noise Exposure on the Developing and Developed Ear in the Rat

et al. 1999

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There have been reports that the developing ear is more sensitive than the adult ear to noise-induced hearing loss. This was investigated by testing auditory function in rats, both electrophysiologically and histologically, following exposure to broad-band noise (12 h/day for 15 days) at different stages of auditory development (neonates and adults), and also in age-matched controls. An exposure of 90 dB SPL broad-band noise caused no long-term change in auditory function in either age group. A higher exposure (102 dB SPL) caused greater long-term changes in hearing in the adult compared to the young noise-exposed rats, although histology showed greater damage to hair cells in the younger animals. Therefore, functionally, the developing ear does not seem more vulnerable than the developed ear to acoustic trauma.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Long-Term Noise Exposure on the Developing and Developed Ear in the Rat

et al. 1999

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The exact mechanism or cause of how sound stimulation to the fetus evokes an FHR change is not clearly known. Certainly, the fetal cochlea is not the only mechanism involved, as sound stimulation below the audible range can still give fetal reaction in labor [9,10,12]. These observations suggest the possibility of involvement of cutaneous and vestibular organs through sensory pathways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This type of stimulus is sufficient to obtain a response regardless of the fetal sleep state, and that factor helps to shorten the time required for the test. Concerning any ill effects observed on the hearing of these infants, most of the study showed no ill effects from vibroacoustic stimulus [9,11,13].In conclusion, the fetal acoustic stimulation test seems to be a useful adjunct in excluding fetal compromise during the antenatal period. This test also seems to overcome problems with the handling of equivocal traces in the majority of cases.…”

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confidence: 91%

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Vibroacoustic Stimulation - Does it Really Help?

Jamal

1993

Ann Saudi Med

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One of the major objectives of perinatal medicine is to look for better means of testing for fetal well-being in utero. This prospective study measured the antenatal fetal heart rate changes in response to fetal acoustic stimulation using artificial electronic larynx (Model 5C) in two groups of patients. In Group A, consisting of 80 low risk patients selected from the antenatal clinic, the acoustic stimulation resulted in a good response with no perinatal death. In Group B, consisting of 80 high risk patients, only 15 patients (18.7%) showed no response. In these 15 patients, there were two stillbirths and two neonatal deaths. Thirteen of these 15 patients were small for gestational age compared to only eight out of 61 who showed good response to the stimulus. This difference and the findings are statistically significant. Ann Saudi Med 1993;13(4) 328-331. HS Jamal, TS Jamal, Vibroacoustic Stimulation -Does it Really Help?. 1993; 13(4): 328-331 The problem of antepartum fetal distress and fetal loss looms large in modern obstetrics. In this regard, numerous tests have been described and used in the current obstetric practice such as fetal activity, fetal heart rate changes, and even breathing movements [1,2]. However, problems still face the clinician when he uses these methods because fetuses have substantial reserve mechanisms. Therefore, any test performed in the resting state may only have a limited predictive value. So it may be of more clinical value to try to assess the reserve mechanisms of the fetus by stimulating them and observing the response in fetal heart rate and fetal movement [3][4][5]. The aim of this study is to measure the antenatal fetal heart rate changes after vibroacoustic stimulus in normal and high risk pregnancies. Also it aims to evaluate the fetal outcome in low risk and high risk groups according to their response to the stimulus. Patients and MethodsThe study was carried out at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, over a period of one year from September 1990 -September 1991. Two groups of patients were elected.Group A: (n=80). This group consisted of 80 normal antenatal patients with no complications during their pregnancies and their pregnancies were greater than 36 weeks' gestation. They were studied to establish the normal fetal response to vibrotactile stimulation and to see the outcome according to their response.Group B: (n=80). This group consisted of high risk patients selected from the antenatal clinic with different risk factors (hypertension, intrauterine growth retardation, diabetes, etc) ( Figure 1). Their gestational ages were beyond 36 weeks. They were studied prospectively, measuring the fetal heart rate (FHR) changes following a single vibroacoustic stimulus by Artificial Electronic Larynx Model 5C (Western Electric, New York, NY, USA).The stimulus was applied to the maternal abdomen overlying the fetal head for a period of five seconds (sound pressure level averaged 82 dB). The fetal heart rate was recorded by cardiotocography machine.The response t...

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“…3], the assessment of maturity of the subcortical central nervous system in ne onates and adults [4][5][6] and as an auxiliary diagnostic tool for neurological diseases. Re cently, it has also begun to be used for brain stem function assessment in premature and mature neonates [7][8][9], However, the adap tation of the human acoustic system to the sudden change in auditory enviroment after birth and the influence of stress during deliv ery on the neonatal acoustic system have not been sufficiently clarified [10]. In the past reports of ABR in normal human neonates, the times of ABR determination are not clear [2, 3.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Auditory Brainstem Responses of Normal Neonates Immediately after Birth

Yamasaki

Shono²,

Oga³

et al. 1991

Neonatology

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To clarify the functional changes in the acoustic conduction pathway in the human immediately after birth, auditory brainstem responses (ABR) in 58 normal neonates were examined. In longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis, the peak latency of wave 1 showed significant shortening (p < 0.05) from 1.82 ± 0.23 ms (mean ± SD) at 30 min after birth to 1.69 ± 0.26 ms at 2 h after birth. It continued to decrease gradually therafter. The interpeak latency of waves 1–3 decreased gradually (not significant) from 2.82 ± 0.19 ms (30 min after birth) to 2.74 ± 0.15 ms (1 month after birth), while the interpeak latency of waves 3–5 decreased significantly from 2.63 ± 0.27 ms (30 min afterbirth) to 2.47 ± 0.23 ms (24 h after birth; p < 0.01). These results indicate that functional changes in the acoustic system immediately after birth represent rapid adaptation of the peripheral region to the extrauterine environment and development of the more central region.

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Intrauterine noise: A component of the fetal environment

Cited by 126 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of Long-Term Noise Exposure on the Developing and Developed Ear in the Rat

Effect of Long-Term Noise Exposure on the Developing and Developed Ear in the Rat

Vibroacoustic Stimulation - Does it Really Help?

Changes in Auditory Brainstem Responses of Normal Neonates Immediately after Birth

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