“…IUI gained its popularity because it is simple, non-invasive, and a costeffective technique. 1 This method is indicated in cases of cervical infertility, relative male factor infertility, anovulation, endometriosis with a healthy fallopian tube, and unexplained infertility. Pregnancy rates after IUI differ between studies according to patient selection criteria, the presence of various infertility factors, ovarian stimulation methods, number of cycles performed, different sperm parameters and preparation technique.…”
Background: Infertility is defined as failure to conceive even after one year of regular, frequent and unprotected intercourse. Infertility can be attributed to male causes in approximately 25-40% cases, female causes in 40-50% cases, both in 10-20% and unexplained causes in 10-15% cases. Artificial insemination (Intrauterine Insemination) involves placement of processed sperms from husband (AIH – artificial insemination homologous) or from donor (AID – artificial insemination donor) into the female genital tract.Methods: Objectives of the study were to do sperm preparation to obtain normal good quality motile sperms, to perform intrauterine insemination using husband semen around the time of ovulation, to study factors responsible for successful pregnancy rates by this method. Out of 100 infertile females recruited for the study 34 underwent artificial insemination by IUI with controlled ovarian hyper stimulation. Sperms were washed by density gradient centrifugation or by a direct swim-up technique that does not involve centrifugation.Results: Overall pregnancy rate per patient for male factor infertility was 23.52%. None of the patients consented for more than three cycles of IUI. Maximum pregnancy was achieved in third cycle of IUI. Sperm motility >40% was related with pregnancy in 8 cases. Duration of infertility didn’t influence pregnancy rate. The majority of pregnancies were achieved in the age group of 25-29 years (50%). No pregnancy occurred with >15 years of infertility.Conclusions: This study concluded that intrauterine insemination after ovarian stimulation or controlled ovarian hyperstimulation is a successful and efficacious therapy for infertility.
“…IUI gained its popularity because it is simple, non-invasive, and a costeffective technique. 1 This method is indicated in cases of cervical infertility, relative male factor infertility, anovulation, endometriosis with a healthy fallopian tube, and unexplained infertility. Pregnancy rates after IUI differ between studies according to patient selection criteria, the presence of various infertility factors, ovarian stimulation methods, number of cycles performed, different sperm parameters and preparation technique.…”
Background: Infertility is defined as failure to conceive even after one year of regular, frequent and unprotected intercourse. Infertility can be attributed to male causes in approximately 25-40% cases, female causes in 40-50% cases, both in 10-20% and unexplained causes in 10-15% cases. Artificial insemination (Intrauterine Insemination) involves placement of processed sperms from husband (AIH – artificial insemination homologous) or from donor (AID – artificial insemination donor) into the female genital tract.Methods: Objectives of the study were to do sperm preparation to obtain normal good quality motile sperms, to perform intrauterine insemination using husband semen around the time of ovulation, to study factors responsible for successful pregnancy rates by this method. Out of 100 infertile females recruited for the study 34 underwent artificial insemination by IUI with controlled ovarian hyper stimulation. Sperms were washed by density gradient centrifugation or by a direct swim-up technique that does not involve centrifugation.Results: Overall pregnancy rate per patient for male factor infertility was 23.52%. None of the patients consented for more than three cycles of IUI. Maximum pregnancy was achieved in third cycle of IUI. Sperm motility >40% was related with pregnancy in 8 cases. Duration of infertility didn’t influence pregnancy rate. The majority of pregnancies were achieved in the age group of 25-29 years (50%). No pregnancy occurred with >15 years of infertility.Conclusions: This study concluded that intrauterine insemination after ovarian stimulation or controlled ovarian hyperstimulation is a successful and efficacious therapy for infertility.
“…In our figurative portrayal above, we described current guidelines as attempting to prevent entry into morally concerning areas by erecting a stop sign on what it views as a single long highway of embryo development, a stop sign that could be evaded by synthetic biology methods that are finding alternate paths of development and enabling ‘off-road’ travel. Extending this portrayal, our proposal views development not as a highway but as a landscape in which particular territories are defined by the possession of moral status by developing embryos or embryo-like entities, and it aims to protect these territories by erecting perimeter fences around them, a scheme that is illustrated in Figure 1.10.7554/eLife.20674.002Figure 1.Biological landscape of embryos and Synthetic human entities with embryonic features (SHEEFs) in relation to moral status.Embryos derived through sexual intercourse or assisted insemination (Cantineau et al, 2013; Hurd et al, 1993) (left), cultured embryos (center), and SHEEFs (right) start from types of pluripotent cells (zygotes and hPSC; bottom) that have different capacities for development: Embryos formed from zygotes derived sexually can develop into fetuses in utero (vertical arrows, left). Embryos can also be generated from zygotes formed in vitro and these can also result in normal fetuses upon implantation (vertical arrows, center); however, the course of further development in culture is uncertain if implantation does not take place (fading blue arrow, center top), and such experiments are forbidden for ethical reasons (Deglincerti et al, 2016; Shahbazi et al, 2016; Weimar et al, 2013; 14-day rule).…”
Section: Basing Research Limits For Sheefs Directly On the Moral Stmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Embryos derived through sexual intercourse or assisted insemination (Cantineau et al, 2013; Hurd et al, 1993) (left), cultured embryos (center), and SHEEFs (right) start from types of pluripotent cells (zygotes and hPSC; bottom) that have different capacities for development: Embryos formed from zygotes derived sexually can develop into fetuses in utero (vertical arrows, left). Embryos can also be generated from zygotes formed in vitro and these can also result in normal fetuses upon implantation (vertical arrows, center); however, the course of further development in culture is uncertain if implantation does not take place (fading blue arrow, center top), and such experiments are forbidden for ethical reasons (Deglincerti et al, 2016; Shahbazi et al, 2016; Weimar et al, 2013; 14-day rule).…”
Section: Basing Research Limits For Sheefs Directly On the Moral Stmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…But the commentaries foresee that these gastruloids can be made more embryo-like and that, given sufficient scientific progress, they could eventually recapitulate development well enough to be considered “synthetic embryos” (Denker, 2014) or “embryos in a dish” (Pera et al, 2015) that might need to be regulated under the rule. (In view of the possibility of “synthetic embryos”, we will call embryos formed from zygotes in culture or through sexual intercourse or assisted insemination (Cantineau et al, 2013; Hurd et al, 1993) “non-synthetic embryos” where “embryo” alone is ambiguous.) Indeed, in its recently revised guidelines for stem cell research, the International Society For Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) has promulgated the first formal guidelines recognizing this issue by recommending that experiments with “embryo-like structures that might manifest human organismal potential” be reviewed by a proposed human Embryo Research Oversight (EMRO) process, and prohibited if they violate the 14-day rule (see International Society for Stem Cell Research, 2016, esp.…”
The "14-day rule" for embryo research stipulates that experiments with intact human embryos must not allow them to develop beyond 14 days or the appearance of the primitive streak. However, recent experiments showing that suitably cultured human pluripotent stem cells can self-organize and recapitulate embryonic features have highlighted difficulties with the 14-day rule and led to calls for its reassessment. Here we argue that these and related experiments raise more foundational issues that cannot be fixed by adjusting the 14-day rule, because the framework underlying the rule cannot adequately describe the ways by which synthetic human entities with embryo-like features (SHEEFs) might develop morally concerning features through altered forms of development. We propose that limits on research with SHEEFs be based as directly as possible on the generation of such features, and recommend that the research and bioethics communities lead a wide-ranging inquiry aimed at mapping out solutions to the ethical problems raised by them.DOI:
http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.20674.001
“…This technique differs from IUI in that a higher volume of prepared semen is used (4 ml compared with ≤0.5 ml) and is introduced directly into the fallopian tubes 17 . The hypothesis is that the presence of a higher sperm density in the fallopian tubes at the time of ovulation is more likely to result in pregnancy; however, available evidence suggests that there is no clear benefit for ITI/FSP over IUI [18][19][20] . Another modified IUI application technique is slow release insemination (SRI), which was first described in 1992 21 .…”
This multicentre, randomised, controlled cross-over trial was designed to investigate the effect of intrauterine slow-release insemination (SRI) on pregnancy rates in women with confirmed infertility or the need for semen donation who were eligible for standard bolus intra-uterine insemination (iUi). Data for a total of 182 women were analysed after randomisation to receive IUI (n = 96) or SRI (n = 86) first. The primary outcome was serological pregnancy defined by a positive beta human chorionic gonadotropin test, two weeks after insemination. Patients who did not conceive after the first cycle switched to the alternative technique for the second cycle: 44 women switched to IUI and 58 switched to SRI. In total, there were 284 treatment cycles (IUI: n = 140; SRI: n = 144). Pregnancy rates following SRI and IUI were 13.2% and 10.0%, respectively, which was not statistically significant (p = 0.202). A statistically significant difference in pregnancy rates for SRI versus IUI was detected in women aged under 35 years. In this subgroup, the pregnancy rate with SRI was 17% compared to 7% with IUI (relative risk 2.33; p = 0.032) across both cycles. These results support the hypothesis that the pregnancy rate might be improved with SRI compared to standard bolus IUI, especially in women aged under 35 years.
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