Intrauterine Growth Retardation as a Cause of Perinatal Mortality in Japanese Black Beef Calves

Ogata, Yasuhiro; Nakao, Toshihiko; Takahashi, K.; Abé, Hiroyuki; Misawa, T.; Urushiyama, Y.; Sakai, Jun‐ichi

doi:10.1046/j.1439-0442.1999.00221.x

Cited by 43 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…This hypothesis is supported by the positive correlation between maternal plasma oestrone sulphate concentrations after day 195 of gestation, and neonatal viability, calf birth weight and placental weight (Zhang et al, 1999). Additionally, dams of weak, growth-retarded calves do not show the expected (Kindahl et al, 2002b) pre-partum increase in oestrogens (Ogata et al, 1999). Preliminary data in a study of pregnancies from a bull associated with a high percentage of stillborn calves showed low maternal plasma oestrone sulphate levels, smaller cotyledons and higher placental weight, compared to pregnancies fathered by a normal bull (Kindahl et al, 2002a,b).…”

Section: Hormonal/chemical Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…However, as in the mare, twin pregnancy in cattle is associated with a higher abortion rate (Kirkbridge, 1992;Lopez-Gatius et al, 2002;Sakaguchi et al, 2002) and a lower per calf placental weight (Echternkamp, 1992). Additionally, in Japanese black beef cattle, intrauterine growth retardation has been shown to be correlated with feto-placental dysfunction (Ogata et al, 1999), and in a Swedish study on bulls with high rates of stillbirth among their offspring, the stillborn calves were noted to have heavier placenta than normal calves (Kindahl et al, 2002a,b). Embryo culture also appears to dramatically affect placental function, and placenta from IVP calves shows a difference in the distribution of placentomal size, with increased volume density of bi-nucleate cells at day 63 of pregnancy (responsible for producing pregnancy associated proteins) and are heavier at parturition than those from normal calves (Farin et al, 2000(Farin et al, , 2001Hill et al, 2000;Taverne et al, 2002).…”

Section: Non-infectious Causes Of Fetal Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fetal death: comparative aspects in large domestic animals

Jonker

2004

Animal Reproduction Science

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Although the majority of pregnancy failures occur during the embryonic period, reports indicate that approximately 5% of detected pregnancies are lost during the fetal period, underlining the fact that fetal death is a substantial cause of economic loss. However, examination for fetal development or death during pregnancy is not performed routinely in domestic animals, and reference curves for normal fetal growth are, therefore, scarce. In this paper, the numerous possible causes of fetal death are reviewed briefly, with emphasis on the role of placental problems in fetal death and impaired fetal viability. In this respect, the role of placental insufficiency as a cause of pregnancy loss in twin pregnancies in monotocous species is well known, whereas the abnormal placental development leading to retarded fetal growth during pregnancies in recipients of in vitro produced (IVP) or nuclear transfer (NT) embryos has been less extensively documented.Fetal viability or death can be evaluated using hormonal, chemical and ultrasonographic parameters. For example, the viability of the feto-placental unit can be examined by measuring maternal plasma concentrations of oestrone sulphate or the placental proteins, including pregnancy-associated glycoprotein (PAG) and pregnancy-specific protein B-60 (PSPB-60). Low concentrations of any of these three indicate either no pregnancy, or if pregnancy was confirmed earlier, fetal death and abnormally high or low levels can indicate fetal abnormality.Ultrasound can be used to examine the fetal heart rate (FHR), the incidence of fetal movements (FM), the appearance of fetal fluids and the development of the fetus and placenta. However, although abnormal FHRs have been correlated to subsequent fetal death, it is important to remember that there is a large physiological variation in FHR at the end of gestation, due to different behavioural states and differences in FM patterns. Although monitoring fetal viability and death using hormonal and ultrasonographic evaluations is possible during pregnancy in domestic animals, there is considerable physiological variations in the 'normal' values. Therefore,- 82-83 (2004) [415][416][417][418][419][420][421][422][423][424][425][426][427][428][429][430] suitable combinations of tests need to be identified and more accurate reference values generated before such approaches can be considered reliable for monitoring the status of individual fetuses.

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Section: Hormonal/chemical Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Non-infectious Causes Of Fetal Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal death: comparative aspects in large domestic animals

Jonker

2004

Animal Reproduction Science

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“…Japanese Black (JB) calves with weak calves syndrome (WCS), such as low birth weight, sickness, depression, weakness, reluctant standing and poor suckling, are frequently observed within a week after birth [12]. We previously reported lower numbers of peripheral CD8 + and  T cells in JB calves with WCS during the first month of birth [13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Diarrhea and Peripheral Leukocyte Population in Neonatal Japanese Black Calves

Ohtsuka

Mukai²,

Tanami³

et al. 2011

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. Neonatal Japanese Black (JB) calves show a high incidence of diarrhea. The objective of this study was to analyze the immune cell populations of neonatal JB calves in detail and examine its correlation with the incidence of diarrhea immediately after birth. Understanding the immune cell populations is helpful in clinics in order to determine the condition of the immune system for prevention of diseases. Blood samples were obtained from JB calves on the day of birth. The peripheral leukocyte populations were analyzed separately for calves that had diarrhea within 2 weeks after birth (diarrhea group; n=26) and for calves without diarrhea (control group; n=74). The numbers of the peripheral blood CD3 + TcR1-N12 + and CD8 + T cells were significantly lower in the diarrhea group compared with the control group. These findings suggest that the congenital lower peripheral  and CD8 + T cells results in a high risk of diarrhea in neonatal JB calves.

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“…eak calf syndrome characterized by neonatal weakness is one of the most important causes of calf mortality and neonatal diseases [1]. In cows, retained fetal membranes (RFM) is still the biggest problem during the periparturient period, since RFM is often followed by postpartum metritis, abomasal displacement, ketosis and mastitis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Nutrition during Pregnancy on Calf Birth Weights and Viability and Fetal Membrane Expulsion in Dairy Cattle.

Zhang

Nakao

Kida³

et al. 2002

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. The objectives of this study were to show changes of blood parameters for nutrition during pregnancy and to examine the relationships between the blood parameters and calf birth weights, calf viability, time required for expulsion of fetal membrane, and the fetal membrane weights. Forty-one Holstein Friesian pregnant cows were used. The duration of the dry period was 74 ± 2 (SEM) days. The average milk yield (4% FCM) per cow per lactation for 305 days was 9,795 ± 146 kg. Mean gestation length, body weight of cows at parturition, and cotyledonary weight were 283.7 ± 0.5 days, 761 ± 11 kg, and 1562 ± 33g, respectively. Mean birth weights were 47.4 ± 1.1 kg for female, and 49.8 ± 0.8 kg for male calves. Of the 41 cows, 10 had weak calves and 13 had retained fetal membranes (RFM). No significant effects of parity, bull, lactation length, milk yield, gestation length, cows' body weights, and gender of calves on the cotyledonary and calf birth weights, incidences of neonatal weakness and RFM were shown. Cows showing low plasma glucose and TP concentrations in mid and late lactation periods had lower calf birth weights and cotyledonary weights, and a higher incidence of neonatal weakness. Likewise, cows with low glucose, cholesterol and Ca concentrations in plasma during the late dry period had a higher incidence of RFM. The results indicate that low intake of energy and protein during late lactation and early dry periods adversely affects fetoplacental development, leading to neonatal weakness and RFM. Low intake of energy and Ca during the dry period may also cause RFM.

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Intrauterine Growth Retardation as a Cause of Perinatal Mortality in Japanese Black Beef Calves

Cited by 43 publications

References 5 publications

Fetal death: comparative aspects in large domestic animals

Fetal death: comparative aspects in large domestic animals

Relationship between Diarrhea and Peripheral Leukocyte Population in Neonatal Japanese Black Calves

Effect of Nutrition during Pregnancy on Calf Birth Weights and Viability and Fetal Membrane Expulsion in Dairy Cattle.

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