Intrauterine growth restriction in infants of less than thirty-two weeks' gestation: Associated placental pathologic features

Salafia, Carolyn M.; Minior, Victoria K.; Pezzullo, John C.; Popek, Edwina J.; Rosenkrantz, Ted S.; Vintzileos, Anthony M.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(95)91325-4

Cited by 298 publications

(180 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…We examined the distributions of placental vascular findings and constructs in term placentas as a means of determining what might be considered ''normal.'' Often studies of placental vascular pathology compare subgroups of preterm births (16,20,32,33), use high-risk term placentas as the reference group (1), or are conducted in teaching hospitals where patient populations overrepresent high-risk pregnancy conditions, even among term deliveries. Ten of the original 39 findings in our vascular scoring scheme were removed because they showed poor intrarater reliability.…”

Section: !1 þmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental Vascular Pathology Findings and Pathways to Preterm Delivery

Kelly

Holzman

Senagore

et al. 2009

Obstetrical &Amp; Gynecological Survey

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Section: !1 þmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental Vascular Pathology Findings and Pathways to Preterm Delivery

Kelly

Holzman

Senagore

et al. 2009

Obstetrical &Amp; Gynecological Survey

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“…Placentas from pregnancies complicated by FGR are smaller and have significantly increased maternal and fetal vascular lesions compared to placentas from normal pregnancies with appropriate for gestational age neonates (AGA) 115,116 . Maternal vascular lesions were detected in about 50% of placentas from pregnancies complicated with FGR at term, compared to only 20% in normal pregnancies, while fetal vascular lesions were observed in 11%…”

Section: Fetal Growth Restrictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Placental vascular pathology and increased thrombin generation as mechanisms of disease in obstetrical syndromes

Mastrolia

Mazor

Loverro

et al. 2014

Preprint

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View the peer-reviewed version (peerj.com/articles/653), which is the preferred citable publication unless you specifically need to cite this preprint. Placental vascular pathology and increased thrombin generation as mechanisms of disease in obstetrical syndromesObstetrical complications including preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, preterm labor, preterm prelabor rupture of membranes and fetal demise are all the clinical endpoint of several underlying mechanisms (i.e. infection inflammation, thrombosis, endocrine disorder, immunologic rejection, genetic, and environmental), therefore, they may be regarded as syndromes. Placental vascular pathology and increased thrombin generation were reported in all of these obstetrical syndromes. Moreover, elevated concentrations of thrombin-antithrombin III complexes and changes in the coagulation as well as anticoagulation factors can be detected in the maternal circulation prior to the clinical development of the disease in some of these syndromes. In this review, we will assess the changes in the hemostatic system during normal and complicated pregnancy in maternal blood, maternal-fetal interface and amniotic fluid, and describe the contribution of thrombosis and vascular pathology to the development of the great obstetrical syndromes.PeerJ PrePrints | http://dx.doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.487v1 | CC-BY 4.0 Open Access |

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“…the outer cell layer bathed by maternal blood) [9,[14][15][16]. Pathological up-regulation of PAI-1 levels in syncytiotrophoblasts [14,15] is suggested to promote increased intervillous fibrin deposition and placental infarction (villous collapse) noted in pregnancies associated with preeclampsia (PE) [14][15][16][17][18]. A direct role of PAI-1 in TNF-α-mediated inhibition of trophoblast migration and invasion was demonstrated using PAI-1 blocking antibodies in villous explants from first trimester placenta and a trophoblast cell line [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Transcription Factors 1α and 2α in the Regulation of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Expression in a Human Trophoblast Cell Line

2007

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The plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAIs) play critical roles in regulating hemostatic and invasive functions of trophoblasts through suppression of plasmin-dependent fibrinolysis and extracellular matrix degradation. The expression of PAI-1 is increased under hypoxic conditions, although the mechanism remains incompletely understood. In the current study we used HTR-8/SVneo cells, a first trimester extravillous trophoblast cell line, and siRNA technology to examine the role of hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs)−1α and −2α in the regulation of PAI-1 expression. Using serum-containing and serum-free media culture media it was initially noted that levels of PAI-1, but not PAI-2 protein, were markedly induced by hypoxic (2−3% oxygen) treatment. Under hypoxic conditions, Western blotting revealed that the presence of siRNAs to HIF-1α and HIF-2α suppressed expression of their respective proteins, whereas treatment with non-targeting and cyclophilin B siRNAs did not. Importantly, incubation with siRNA to HIF-1α or HIF-2α alone reduced PAI-1 protein levels to a similar extent, with the combined treatment inducing a more profound effect. The presence of HIF siRNAs reduced levels of PAI-1 mRNA as measured by quantitative real-time PCR, indicating that HIF-1α and HIF-2 α regulate PAI-1 expression at a transcriptional level. These results indicate that both HIF-1α and HIF-2α play important and similar roles in hypoxia-mediated stimulation of PAI-1 expression in HTR-8/SVneo cells. Our findings provide insight into the physiological regulation of trophoblast PAI-1 expression in early pregnancy when placental oxygen levels are low, as well as a mechanism for over-expression of placental PAI-1 noted in pregnancies with preeclampsia.

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Intrauterine growth restriction in infants of less than thirty-two weeks' gestation: Associated placental pathologic features

Cited by 298 publications

References 22 publications

Placental Vascular Pathology Findings and Pathways to Preterm Delivery

Placental Vascular Pathology Findings and Pathways to Preterm Delivery

Placental vascular pathology and increased thrombin generation as mechanisms of disease in obstetrical syndromes

Role of Hypoxia-Inducible Transcription Factors 1α and 2α in the Regulation of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Expression in a Human Trophoblast Cell Line

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