Intrauterine Growth and Neuropsychological Performance in Very Low Birth Weight Preschoolers

Raz, Sarah; DeBastos, Angela K.; Newman, Julie Bapp; Batton, Daniel G.

doi:10.1017/s1355617711001767

Cited by 15 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Risk factors for lower scores on the visual-motor coordination component were lower gestational age, VSGA status, and BPD. Associations between gestational age, 7 fetal growth, 24 and BPD 25 and visual-motor integration have been shown in previous research.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Perinatal risk factors for neurocognitive impairments in preschool children born very preterm

Potharst

Wassenaer-Leemhuis

Houtzager

et al. 2013

Develop Med Child Neuro

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ANT Amsterdam Neuropsychological Tasks BPD Bronchopulmonary dysplasia SES Socioeconomic status SST Stop Signal Task VSGA Very small for gestational age AIM This study aimed to compare a broad array of neurocognitive functions (processing speed, aspects of attention, executive functioning, visual-motor coordination, and both face and emotion recognition) in very preterm and term-born children and to identify perinatal risk factors for neurocognitive dysfunctions.METHOD Children who were born very preterm (n=102; 46 males, 56 females), defined as a gestational age of less than 30 weeks and ⁄ or birthweight under 1000g, and a comparison group of term-born children (n=95; 40 males, 55 females) were assessed at age 5 with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, Stop Signal Task, several tasks of the Amsterdam Neuropsychological Tasks, and a Digit Span task.RESULTS When sociodemographic characteristics were taken into account, very preterm children scored worse than term-born children on all neurocognitive functions, except on tasks measuring inhibition and sustained attention, for which results were inconclusive. Effect sizes for group effects were small to medium (r 2 varying between 0.02 and 0.07). Principal component isolated four factors: visual-motor coordination, face ⁄ emotion recognition, reaction time ⁄ attention, and accuracy ⁄ attention. When sociodemographic and child characteristics at birth were accounted for, bronchopulmonary dysplasia was significantly negatively associated with all four components and also with working memory.INTERPRETATION Very preterm children are at risk for problems on a broad array of neurocognitive functions. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is an independent risk factor for impaired neurocognitive functioning.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Perinatal risk factors for neurocognitive impairments in preschool children born very preterm

Potharst

Wassenaer-Leemhuis

Houtzager

et al. 2013

Develop Med Child Neuro

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“…Intra‐uterine growth restriction has long been identified as a risk factor for a wide variety of developmental problems in term and preterm children . In particular, children born very preterm with intra‐uterine growth restriction are at increased risk, not only for motor problems but also for behavioural and cognitive impairments . Recently, it has been reported that the prevalence of fine motor impairments (using the MABC <P15 as a cut‐off point) is increased in very preterm children with growth restriction compared with non‐growth‐restricted preterm children (68% vs 43%; Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of fine motor skills in preterm infants

Bos

Braeckel

Hitzert

et al. 2013

Develop Med Child Neuro

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ASQAges and Stage Questionnaire BOTMP Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency MABC Movement Assessment Battery for ChildrenFine motor skills are related to functioning in daily life and at school. We reviewed the status of knowledge, in preterm children, on the development of fine motor skills, the relation with gross motor skills, and risk factors for impaired fine motor skills. We searched the past 15 years in PubMed, using ['motor skills' or 'fine motor function' and 'preterm infant'] as the search string. Impaired gross and fine motor skills are among the most frequently occurring problems encountered by preterm children who do not develop cerebral palsy. The prevalence is around 40% for mild to moderate impairment and 20% for moderate impairment. Fine motor skill scores on the Movement Assessment Battery for Children are about 0.62 of a standard deviation lower compared with term children. Risk factors for fine motor impairments include moderately preterm birth (odds ratio [OR] 2.0) and, among very preterm children (<32wk gestation), intra-uterine growth restriction (ORs 2-3), inflammatory conditions (late-onset sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis, ORs 3-5), and dexamethasone therapy for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (OR 2.7).A better understanding of factors that play a role in the development of and recovery from brain injury could guide future intervention attempts aimed at improving fine motor skills of preterm children.Survival rates of preterm infants have improved during recent decades, and this tendency is continuing. During the same period, the prevalence of major impairments has remained relatively constant or even decreased, 1 but the prevalence of milder dysfunctions is high, 2,3 with a tendency to increase. 4,5 This mainly appears to be the result of the increased survival of very preterm infants (gestational age <32wk), although more sensitive testing may also play a role. 5 Cognitive, behavioural, and mild motor problems without major motor deficits are by now the most dominant neurodevelopmental sequelae in children born preterm, with prevalences reported up to 50 to 70%.5 These 'high prevalence, low severity' impairments often do not occur in isolation and may considerably hamper the children's functional abilities in daily life. 6,7 Among the most frequently occurring problems encountered by preterm children who do not develop cerebral palsy (CP), are impaired gross and fine motor skills.2,4 Because particularly fine motor skills are related to adequate functioning in daily life and at school, our aim was to review the current status of knowledge, in preterm children, on the development of fine motor skills, the relation with gross motor skills, and risk factors for impaired fine motor skills. To this end, we searched PubMed for relevant articles.Impairments in fine motor skills may hamper various aspects of daily functioning such as getting dressed, lacing shoes, eating, and writing. In preterm children without CP, it has been shown that poor fine motor skills affect the learning of w...

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“…Nutritional deficiency and growth failure in infancy and early childhood have repeatedly been found to be associated with neuroanatomical abnormalities and cognitive deficits. 27–29 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Longitudinal Study of Cognitive and Academic Outcomes after Pediatric Liver Transplantation

Sorensen

Neighbors

Martz

et al. 2014

The Journal of Pediatrics

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Objective To determine the evolution of cognitive and academic deficits and risk factors in children after liver transplantation. Study design Patients ≥2 years after liver transplantation were recruited through Studies of Pediatric Liver Transplantation. Participants age 5–6 years at Time 1 completed the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence, 3rd edition, Wide Range Achievement Test, 4th edition, and Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF). Participants were retested at age 7–9 years, Time 2 (T2), by use of the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children, 4th edition, Wide Range Achievement Test, 4th edition, and BRIEF. Medical and demographic variables significant at P ≤ .10 in univariate analysis were fitted to repeated measures modeling predicting Full Scale IQ (FSIQ). Results Of 144 patients tested at time 1, 93 (65%) completed T2; returning patients did not differ on medical or demographic variables. At T2, more participants than expected had below-average FSIQ, Verbal Comprehension, Working Memory, and Math Computation, as well as increased executive deficits on teacher BRIEF. Processing Speed approached significance. At T2, 29% (14% expected) had FSIQ = 71–85, and 7% (2% expected) had FSIQ ≤70 (P = .0001). A total of 42% received special education. Paired comparisons revealed that, over time, cognitive and math deficits persisted; only reading improved. Modeling identified household status (P < .002), parent education (P < .01), weight z-score at liver transplantation (P < .03), and transfusion volume during liver transplantation (P < .0001) as predictors of FSIQ. Conclusions More young liver transplantation recipients than expected are at increased risk for lasting cognitive and academic deficits. Pretransplant markers of nutritional status and operative complications predicted intellectual outcome.

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Intrauterine Growth and Neuropsychological Performance in Very Low Birth Weight Preschoolers

Cited by 15 publications

References 55 publications

Perinatal risk factors for neurocognitive impairments in preschool children born very preterm

Perinatal risk factors for neurocognitive impairments in preschool children born very preterm

Development of fine motor skills in preterm infants

Longitudinal Study of Cognitive and Academic Outcomes after Pediatric Liver Transplantation

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