Intrauterine contraception

Tatum, Howard J.

doi:10.1016/0002-9378(72)90828-9

Cited by 97 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The lowest event rates occurred when the difference between the endometrial cavity length and the device length was between 1.25 and 1.75 cm [2]. Tatum introduced the concept that 'an IUD should conform to the endometrial cavity rather than the cavity and the myometrium being obliged to conform to the device' [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An IUD to fit any uterus

Merchant

1985

Adv Contracept

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its simple, symmetrical design is best suited for action of the copper, which is wrapped over the majority of its surface, an area of 251 mm 2 [3,4]. It maintains a central position in the uterine cavity, allowing for an even release of the active element.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An IUD to fit any uterus

Merchant

1985

Adv Contracept

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“…It offers many advantages, but unfortunately, there are also important disadvantages in the use of currently available IUDs [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pain usually occurs in the form of uterine cramps, backache and discomfort in the lower abdomen [1,2]. The severity of pain is a measure of the degree of distention of the endometrial cavity, irritation of the isthmic region and the coincident stretching of the myometrium [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uterine geometry and IUD-induced pain

Toppozada¹,

Ismail

Bakry

1986

Adv Contracept

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Sixty women using IUDs were included in two equal groups in the present study. Group I consisted of women presenting with pelvic pain for which they requested removal of the IUD, while the comparison group (group II) requested removal of the IUD for non-medical reasons. After extraction of the IUD, the Wing Sound II device was used to measure uterine cavity length and fundal transverse diameter. The uterine cavity measurements in both groups were not significantly different. When the ratios of IUD dimensions to uterine cavity measurements were compared, it was also found that there were no significant differences between groups. Factors other than discrepancies in size probably contribute to the pathogenesis of IUD-induced pain.

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“…The copper content of the silver used probably also played a role [24]. According to Tatum, many Gräfenberg rings were made of nickel silver: an alloy that contains nickel, tin and up to 60% copper [21]. In 1977, Wagner et al reported on the analysis of a Gräfenberg ring that was removed from a woman following post-menopausal bleeding due to abrasion after spending 34 years in utero.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A Report on the Hysteroscopic Removal of a Gräfenberg Ring After Almost Fifty Years in Utero

Baldauf

Tönnes²,

Simon³

et al. 2014

Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd

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A 67-year-old patient was admitted to the clinic following post-menopausal bleeding. Secondary findings consisted of COPD and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus type 2. On examination, the vaginal sonogram found a hyper-dense structure a few millimetres thick in the uterine cavity, with otherwise inconspicuous internal genitals (l " Fig. 1). When asked, the patient reported that she has had a "gold spiral" in her uterus since approx. 1963. In the hysteroscopy, a slightly corroded metal spiral (l " Fig. 2) could be observed in the uterus, which could be removed completely and surprisingly problem-free given its almost 50 years retention in utero through a surgical hysteroscopy. A fractionated abrasion was then performed. The histological finding resulted in little endometrium without atypia or malignancy, no mucosal necrosis or pigment depositspossibly metallosis. The spiral was identified as a Gräfenberg ring and, based on the medical history, a micro X-ray fluorescence analysis was carried out in the Rathgen research laboratory of Berlin State Museum using an ArtTAX Pro device (formerly Röntec GmbH, now Bruker). It appeared that the Gräfenberg ring examined (l " Fig. 3) consists of approx. 97 % silver and approx. 3 % copper. The alloy corresponds to Britannia silver, a British silver standard (95.84 %).

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Intrauterine contraception

Cited by 97 publications

References 32 publications

An IUD to fit any uterus

An IUD to fit any uterus

Uterine geometry and IUD-induced pain

A Report on the Hysteroscopic Removal of a Gräfenberg Ring After Almost Fifty Years in Utero

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