Intratypic differentiation of polioviruses

Loon, Anton M. van; Ras, Albert; Poelstra, P.; Mulders, Mick N.; Avoort, Harrie van der

doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-9278-8_30

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The presence of attenuated vaccine viruses in sewage samples would considerably complicate characterization of wild poliovirus from sewage samples. In particular, intratypic differentiation of polioviruses cannot be performed unequivocally on mixtures of poliovirus serotypes, or on mixtures of wild and vaccine strains from one serotype [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Viruses from cultures showing CPE were typed with poliovirus-and enterovirus-specific antisera. Polioviruses were characterized as wild or vaccine-derived viruses by an ELISA using typespecific cross-absorbed antisera [20][21][22]. In addition, virus-positive samples were tested with PCR-based assays, using primer sets specific for enteroviruses [23] or for Sabin viruses [24].…”

Section: Isolation and Characterization Of Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Isolation of epidemic poliovirus from sewage during the 1992–3 type 3 outbreak in the Netherlands

et al. 1995

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To examine the extent of wild poliovirus circulation during the 1992-3 epidemic in the Netherlands caused by poliovirus type 3, 269 samples from sewage pipelines at 120 locations were examined for the presence of poliovirus. The epidemic virus strain was found in 23 samples, all from locations inside the risk area which contained communities that refuse vaccination for religious reasons. By sewage investigation, the wildtype virus was shown to be present in the early phase of the epidemic at two locations, one week before patients were reported from that area. The wild type 3 poliovirus was also detected retrospectively in a river water sample collected for other reasons three weeks before notification of the first poliomyelitis case, at a site a few kilometres upstream the home village of this patient. Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) virus was found at 28 locations inside or at the border of the risk area. Trivalent OPV was offered to unvaccinated or incompletely-vaccinated persons living in this region as part of the measures to control the epidemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Isolation and Characterization Of Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of epidemic poliovirus from sewage during the 1992–3 type 3 outbreak in the Netherlands

et al. 1995

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“…A previous comparative study describing an analysis of 57 poliovirus type 1 (PV1) strains by four methods for intratypic differentiation of polioviruses (PAb neutralization, PAb ELISA, MAb neutralization, PCR) indicated discrepancies in wild or vaccine-related classification for as many as 20 strains (20). However, only a few laboratories have experience with more than one method of intratypic differentiation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparative study of five methods for intratypic differentiation of polioviruses

Avoort¹,

Hull²,

Hovi³

et al. 1995

J Clin Microbiol

108

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A coded panel of 90 poliovirus isolates, 30 of each of the three known serotypes, was used to evaluate five methods for the intratypic differentiation of polioviruses: (i) an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with polyclonal cross-absorbed antisera (PAb-E), (ii) a neutralization assay with type-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAb-N), (iii) a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assay, (iv) a Sabin vaccine strain-specific PCR assay, and (v) a Sabin vaccine strain-specific cRNA probe hybridization (ProHyb) assay. Sequence analysis was used for the definitive characterization of the strains. The panel was distributed to five laboratories; each laboratory analyzed the strains by at least two methods. Each method was used by three or four laboratories. The total performance scores (percentage correct results per number of tests) of the five methods were 96.7% for PAb-E, 93.9% for MAb-N, 91.9% for RFLP assay, 93.3% for Sabin vaccine strain-specific PCR, and 97.4% for Sabin vaccine strain-specific ProHyb. Consistent results were obtained by each laboratory for 88 of 90 isolates (97.8%) examined by PAb-E, 81 of 90 isolates (90.0%) examined by MAb-N, 78 of 90 isolates (86.7%) examined by RFLP assay, 81 of 90 isolates (90.0%) examined by PCR, and 89 of 90 isolates (98.9%) examined by ProHyb assay. Six strains were classified differently by different methods. It is recommended that at least two methods be used for the intratypic differentiation of poliovirus isolates, and each method should be based on a different principle (i.e., antigenic properties and nucleotide sequence composition). If two assays yield discrepant results, further characterization, preferably by partial sequence determination, will be required for correct identification.

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Poliomyelitis in the Netherlands: a review of population immunity and exposure between the epidemics in 1978 and 1992

et al. 1995

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An overview of serological and virological studies on poliomyelitis in the Netherlands between two epidemics in 1978 and 1992 is given. Three unvaccinated patients acquired poliomyelitis abroad. In the Netherlands vaccination coverage with quadruple DPT-IPV vaccine is very high. The strong immunogenicity of inactivated poliovirus vaccine was confirmed in a cohort of children, reflected in age-stratified antibody profiles of the population. Adults born in the pre vaccination era appeared in general protected, but 10-25% of persons born between 1930 and 1945 lacked neutralizing antibodies. Revaccination induced a booster type of antibody response in 75-90% of such persons, indicating immunological memory and protection. Virological studies on adopted children from other countries, patients with indications for viral examination, and river waters showed that the Netherlands was regularly exposed to polio virus (PV), without signs of indigenous transmission. Persons found to carry PV or their close contacts had travelled to a PV endemic country. Most of 557 isolates were vaccine-derived, only 8% were wild type viruses. Despite their presence, up to 1992 the well-known susceptibles for PV in the Netherlands were shielded by the herd immunity of the Dutch population.

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Intratypic differentiation of polioviruses

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Isolation of epidemic poliovirus from sewage during the 1992–3 type 3 outbreak in the Netherlands

Isolation of epidemic poliovirus from sewage during the 1992–3 type 3 outbreak in the Netherlands

Comparative study of five methods for intratypic differentiation of polioviruses

Poliomyelitis in the Netherlands: a review of population immunity and exposure between the epidemics in 1978 and 1992

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