Intratympanic injection of sodium arsanilate (atoxyl) solution results in postural changes consistent with changes described for labyrinthectomized rats.

Hunt, Mary A.; Miller, Saul L.; Nielson, H. Clarke; Horn, Kris M.

doi:10.1037/0735-7044.101.3.427

Cited by 53 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 3 publications

(3 reference statements)

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“…We noted a similar failure of this "landing" posture in TTX-treated rats during assessments made when transferring rats to and from their home cages. The profile of behavioral changes we observed following bilateral transtympanic injection TTX was consistent with that reported following sodium arsanilate administration or surgical labyrinthectomy Wu, 1936, 1937;Horn et al, 1981;Chen et al, 1986;Hunt et al, 1987;Shoham et al, 1989;Stackman and Taube, 1997). Finally, all rats appeared to fully recover vestibular function, as assessed by the contact-righting test and from our observations of their behavior.…”

Section: Vestibular Functionsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…Injections were made using a 25-μl Hamilton syringe. TTX produces a near immediate, but transient, abolition of neural activity within cranial nerve VIII (Beitz et al, 1995), and behavioral changes commensurate with those observed following bilateral labyrinthectomies or transtympanic injection of the vestibular toxin, sodium arsanilate (i.e., head dorsiflexion, a failure of contactrighting, flattened posture with forelimbs and hindlimbs abducted, increased tendency to locomote backwards, and hyperreactivity to handling; Horn et al, 1981;Hunt et al, 1987;Kaufman et al, 1992). The transtympanic TTX injection procedure was also used to examine the anatomical and electrophysiological effects in the cochlear nucleus following VIIIth cranial nerve blockade in the chick (Canady and Rubel, 1992) and gerbil (Pasic and Rubel, 1989).…”

Section: Inactivation Of the Vestibular Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, when lifted by the base of the tail from a horizontal surface, normal, vestibular-intact rats extend their forelimbs towards the horizontal surface. Exhibition of such a "landing" posture is considered dependent on the vestibular system (Selye, 1957;Hunt et al, 1987). Vestibular-lesioned rats often exhibit a deficient "landing" response, where they will curl their body ventrally around and towards their tail.…”

Section: Vestibular Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hippocampal spatial representations require vestibular input

2002

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The hippocampal formation is essential for forming declarative representations of the relationships among multiple stimuli. The rodent hippocampal formation, including the entorhinal cortex and subicular complex, is critical for spatial memory. Two classes of hippocampal neurons fire in relation to spatial features. Place cells collectively map spatial locations, with each cell firing only when the animal occupies that cell's "place field," a particular subregion of the larger environment. Head direction (HD) cells encode directional heading, with each HD cell firing when the rat's head is oriented in that cell's particular "preferred firing direction." Both landmarks and internal cues (e.g., vestibular, motor efference copy) influence place and HD cell activity. However, as is the case for navigation, landmarks are believed to exert greater influence over place and HD cell activity. Here we show that temporary inactivation of the vestibular system led to the disruption of location-specific firing in hippocampal place cells and direction-specific discharge of postsubicular HD cells, without altering motor function. Place and HD cell activity recovered over a time course similar to that of the restoration of vestibular function. These results indicate that vestibular signals provide an important influence over the expression of hippocampal spatial representations, and may explain the navigational deficits of humans with vestibular dysfunction.

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Section: Vestibular Functionsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Inactivation Of the Vestibular Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vestibular Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hippocampal spatial representations require vestibular input

2002

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“…These data indicate that although unilateral surgical and arsanilate-induced labyrinthectomies disrupt rotation-induced changes in the activity of brainstem vestibular circuitry, brainstem vestibular nuclei remain intact. More importantly, Hunt et al (1987) showed that bilateral intratympanic injections of sodium arsanilate in rats resulted in postural changes commensurate with changes observed after bilateral surgical labyrinthectomies. These behavioral changes included increased head dorsiflexion, flattened posture with limbs adducted, and an increased tendency to locomote backward and are indicative of vestibular dysfunction.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Firing Properties of Head Direction Cells in the Rat Anterior Thalamic Nucleus: Dependence on Vestibular Input

1997

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Vestibular information influences spatial orientation and navigation in laboratory animals and humans. Neurons within the rat anterior thalamus encode the directional heading of the animal in absolute space. These neurons, referred to as head direction (HD) cells, fire selectively when the rat points its head in a specific direction in the horizontal plane with respect to the external laboratory reference frame. HD cells are thought to represent an essential component of a neural network that processes allocentric spatial information. The functional properties of HD cells may be dependent on vestibular input. Here, anterior thalamic HD cells were recorded before and after sodium arsanilate-induced vestibular system lesion. Vestibular lesions abolished the directional firing properties of HD cells. The time course of disruption in the directional firing properties paralleled the loss of vestibular function. Arsanilate-treated rats exhibited only minor changes in locomotor behavior, which were unlikely to account for the loss of direction-specific firing. Vestibular lesions also disrupted the influence of angular head velocity on anterior thalamic single-unit firing rates. Finally, a subset of anterior thalamic neurons recorded from vestibularlesioned rats exhibited a pattern of intermittent firing bursts that were distinctly unrelated to HD. This novel anterior thalamic firing pattern has not been encountered in any vestibular-intact rat. These data suggest that: (1) the neural code for directional bearing is critically dependent on vestibular information; and (2) this loss of HD cell information may represent a neurobiological mechanism to account for the orientation and navigational deficits observed after vestibular dysfunction.

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“…Levasseur et al first reported a reduction in bone mineral density of the femoral metaphysis in rats after 1 month of chemically induced vestibular deficiency [78,79]. This model used bilateral transtympanic sodium arsenilate injections to disturb vestibular function, causing vestibular deficiency that was accompanied with a series of abnormal spontaneous behaviors.…”

Section: Vestibular Outputs Participate To Bone Homeostasis Regulatiomentioning

confidence: 98%

The Vestibular System: A Newly Identified Regulator of Bone Homeostasis Acting Through the Sympathetic Nervous System

Vignaux

Besnard

Denise

et al. 2015

Curr Osteoporos Rep

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The vestibular system is a small bilateral structure located in the inner ear, known as the organ of balance and spatial orientation. It senses head orientation and motion, as well as body motion in the three dimensions of our environment. It is also involved in non-motor functions such as postural control of blood pressure. These regulations are mediated via anatomical projections from vestibular nuclei to brainstem autonomic centers and are involved in the maintenance of cardiovascular function via sympathetic nerves. Age-associated dysfunction of the vestibular organ contributes to an increased incidence of falls, whereas muscle atrophy, reduced physical activity, cellular aging, and gonadal deficiency contribute to bone loss. Recent studies in rodents suggest that vestibular dysfunction might also alter bone remodeling and mass more directly, by affecting the outflow of sympathetic nervous signals to the skeleton and other tissues. This review will summarize the findings supporting the influence of vestibular signals on bone homeostasis, and the potential clinical relevance of these findings.

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Intratympanic injection of sodium arsanilate (atoxyl) solution results in postural changes consistent with changes described for labyrinthectomized rats.

Cited by 53 publications

References 3 publications

Hippocampal spatial representations require vestibular input

Hippocampal spatial representations require vestibular input

Firing Properties of Head Direction Cells in the Rat Anterior Thalamic Nucleus: Dependence on Vestibular Input

The Vestibular System: A Newly Identified Regulator of Bone Homeostasis Acting Through the Sympathetic Nervous System

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