Intratracheal Delivery of Nano- and Microparticles and Hyperpolarized Gases

Abstract

Accurate diagnosis is crucial to improve the treatment and prognosis of respiratory disease, especially lung cancer. Tumors and lesions located deep in the lung are directly accessible via dendritic tracheal bronchus, thereby opening a new way to tackle respiratory disease. Intratracheal delivery is an innovative, noninvasive approach for imaging and treating respiratory disease efficiently, when compared with other delivery methods. Intratracheal delivery of nanoand microparticles and hyperpolarized gases offers valuable clinical advantages, such as assessing lung function, monitoring ventilation and perfusion, controlling disease progression, and inhibiting tumor growth. Especially, versatile nanosized particles have enormous potential to benefit precision imaging and therapy at the molecular level. Here we discuss advances of intratracheal delivery of nano-and microparticles and hyperpolarized gases for respiratory disease imaging and treatment, with an emphasis on intratracheal nanoparticles delivery for pulmonary imaging, which has extremely valuable clinical applications in precise theranostics for respiratory disease.

Efferocytosis Nanoinhibitors to Promote Secondary Necrosis and Potentiate the Immunogenicity of Conventional Cancer Therapies for Improved Therapeutic Benefits

“…With the help of rationally designed biomaterials as the delivery systems, various locoregional delivery strategies (e.g., intratumoral injection, intra-arterial embolization, intratracheal inhalation) have been developed for the effective treatment of various cancers with reduced side effects. − In this work, we designed a nanotechnology-based approach to generally potentiate the capacity of different chemotherapies and radiotherapy to elicit potent antitumor immunity by locally reversing efferocytosis-related tumor immunosuppression (Figure ). We first encapsulated BMS777607, a hydrophobic efferocytosis inhibitor, with PLGA and its PEGylated derivatives of mPEG–PLGA via a classic nanoprecipitation method, yielding physiologically stable nano-BMS qualified for both intratumoral and intratracheal administration.…”

Pulmonary delivery of nano‐particles for lung cancer diagnosis and therapy: Recent advances and future prospects

“…Delivery of NPs via the respiratory tract has an advantage in treating diseases and also promotes lung imaging. The noninvasive imaging method to assess the disease in vivo at the molecular level can benefit early diagnosis and treatment monitoring (Wang et al, 2020). The earliest application of pulmonary delivery of nanomedicines for lung tumor imaging dates back to the innovation by McIntire et al, reporting that iodinated NPs could accumulate within tracheobronchial lymph nodes of beagle dogs and could be easily detected by CT during 6–16 days after intrapulmonary inhalation of iodinated NPs (McIntire et al, 1998).…”

Nanotechnology: Breaking the Current Treatment Limits of Lung Cancer

“…However, tumors located in the deep lung tissue can be directly accessed through the dendritic tracheal bronchus. [ 76 ] Thus, the inhaled delivery has promising clinical prospects in precise imaging and treatment of lung cancer.…”