Intratidal and spatial variability over a slope in the Ems estuary: Robust along-channel SPM transport versus episodic events

Schulz, Kirstin; Burchard, Hans; Mohrholz, Volker; Holtermann, Peter; Schuttelaars, Henk M.; Becker, Marius; Maushake, Christian; Gerkema, Theo

doi:10.1016/j.ecss.2020.106902

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…representing tide-only conditions (Fig. 3) -see also Schulz et al (2020). The river discharge during the 2019 surveys was higher than in 2018, although rather low for winter conditions.…”

Section: Environmental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Additional turbulence data were collected at SB_KNO (August 2018 only) and at SB_EMD (both campaigns). The SB_KNO turbulence data provide insight in mixing and stratification processes in response to lateral and longitudinal flows (Schulz et al, 2020), whereas the SB_EMD data reveal how sediment-induced stratification processes may promote ebb-dominant sediment transport (Bailey et al, 2022). The floc size measurements reveal a large variability in settling velocity within a tidal cycle (with higher settling velocities during the flood than during the ebb) but also a large seasonal variability: the settling velocity was higher during the August observations than during the January observations.…”

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synoptic observations of sediment transport and exchange mechanisms in the turbid Ems Estuary: the EDoM campaign

Maren

Maushake

Mol³

et al. 2023

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

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Abstract. An extensive field campaign, the Ems-Dollard Measurements (EDoM), was executed in the Ems Estuary, bordering the Netherlands and Germany, aimed at better understanding the mechanisms that drive the exchange of water and sediments between a relatively exposed outer estuary and a hyper-turbid tidal river. More specifically, the reasons for the large up-estuary sediment accumulation rates and the role of the tidal river on the turbidity in the outer estuary were insufficiently understood. The campaign was designed to unravel the hydrodynamic and sedimentary exchange mechanisms, comprising two hydrographic surveys during contrasting environmental conditions using eight concurrently operating ships and 10 moorings measuring for at least one spring–neap tidal cycle. All survey locations were equipped with sensors measuring flow velocity, salinity, and turbidity (and with stationary ship surveys taking water samples), while some of the survey ships also measured turbulence and sediment settling properties. These observations have provided important new insights into horizontal sediment fluxes and density-driven exchange flows, both laterally and longitudinally. An integral analysis of these observations suggests that large-scale residual transport is surprisingly similar during periods of high and low discharge, with higher river discharge resulting in both higher seaward-directed fluxes near the surface and landward-directed fluxes near the bed. Sediment exchange seems to be strongly influenced by a previously undocumented lateral circulation cell driving residual transport. Vertical density-driven flows in the outer estuary are influenced by variations in river discharge, with a near-bed landward flow being most pronounced in the days following a period with elevated river discharge. The study site is more turbid during winter conditions, when the estuarine turbidity maximum (ETM) is pushed seaward by river flow, resulting in a more pronounced impact of suspended sediments on hydrodynamics. All data collected during the EDoM campaign, but also standard monitoring data (waves, water levels, discharge, turbidity, and salinity) collected by Dutch and German authorities are made publicly available at 4TU Centre for Research Data (https://doi.org/10.4121/c.6056564.v3; van Maren et al., 2022).

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“…representing tide-only conditions (Fig. 3) -see also Schulz et al (2020). The river discharge during the 2019 surveys was higher than in 2018, although rather low for winter conditions.…”

Section: Environmental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Data Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synoptic observations of sediment transport and exchange mechanisms in the turbid Ems Estuary: the EDoM campaign

Maren

Maushake

Mol³

et al. 2023

Earth Syst. Sci. Data

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The 2018 surveys were characterised by low wind speed, wave height and river discharge, i.e. representing tide-only conditions (Figure 3)see also Schulz et al, 2020. The river discharge during the 2019 surveys was higher than in 2018 although rather low for winter conditions.…”

Section: Environmental Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Turbulence data was collected at SB_KNO (August 2018 only) and at SB_EMD (both campaigns). The SB_KNO turbulence data provide insight in mixing and stratification processes in response to lateral and longitudinal flows (Schulz et al, 2020) whereas the SB_EMD data reveal how sediment-induced stratification processes may promote ebb-dominant sediment transport (Bailey et al, in prep.). The floc size measurements reveal a large variability in settling velocity within a tidal cycle (with higher settling velocities during the flood than during the ebb, but also a large seasonal variability: the settling velocity was higher during the August observations than during the January observations.…”

Section: Mixing and Flocculationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synoptic observations of sediment transport and exchange mechanisms in the turbid Ems estuary: the EDoM campaign

Maren

Maushake

Mol³

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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Abstract. An extensive field campaign (EDoM) was executed in the Ems estuary, bordering the Netherlands and Germany, aiming at better understanding the mechanisms driving exchange of water and sediments between a relatively exposed outer estuary and a hyperturbid tidal river. Particularly the reasons for the large up-estuary sediment accumulation rates and the role of the tidal river on the turbidity in the outer estuary were insufficiently understood. The campaign was designed to unravel the hydrodynamic and sedimentary exchange mechanisms, comprising two hydrographic surveys during contrasting environmental conditions using 8 concurrently operating ships and 10 moorings measuring for least one spring-neap tidal cycle. All survey locations were equipped with sensors measuring flow velocity, salinity, and turbidity (and with stationary ship surveys taking water samples), while some of the survey ships also measured turbulence and sediment settling properties. These observations have provided important new insights into horizontal transport fluxes and density-driven exchange flows, both laterally and longitudinally. An integral analysis of these observations suggest that large-scale residual transport is surprisingly similar during periods of high and low discharge, with higher river discharge resulting in both higher seaward-directed fluxes near the surface and landward-directed fluxes near the bed. Sediment exchange seems to be strongly influenced by a previously undocumented lateral circulation cell driving residual transport. Vertical density-driven flows in the outerestuary are influenced by variations in river discharge, with a near-bed landward flow being most pronounced in the days following a period with elevated river discharge. The study site is more turbid during winter conditions, when the Estuarine Turbidity Maximum is pushed seaward by river flow, resulting in more pronounced impact of suspended sediments on hydrodynamics. All data collected during the EDoM campaign, but also standard monitoring data (waves, water levels, discharge, turbidity and salinity) collected by Dutch and German authorities is made publicly available at 4TU Centre for Research Data (https://doi.org/10.4121/c.6056564.v3; van Maren et al., 2022).

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“…Some parts of the coasts including estuaries and mouths of large rivers are mainly covered by the soft mud (Lousiana coast [2]; Brazil [3]; South Korea [4]; and Iran [5]). The current exists in most of the cases in the fields of water-mud systems, especially in the confluences of large rivers and estuaries (e.g., Ems estuary [6]; Southampton water estuary [7]). The current substantially affects the two major aspects of wave mud interaction: wave attenuation, and mud mass transport, which are highly influential in the coastal systems in the environmental, engineering, and management aspects [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analytical Study on Wave-Current-Mud Interaction

Shamsnia

Dutykh

2020

Water

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This study aims at providing analytical investigations to the first and second-order on the wave–current–mud interaction problem by applying a perturbation method. Direct formulations of the wave–current–mud interaction could not be found in the literature. Explicit formulations for the particle velocity, dissipation rates, and phase shift in the first order and the mass transport in the second-order have been obtained. The findings of the current study confirmed that by an increase in the current velocity (e.g., moving from negative to positive values of current velocity), the dissipation rates and mud (instantaneous and mean) velocity decrease. The proposed assumption of a thin mud layer (boundary layer assumption) matches with the laboratory data in the mud viscosity of the orders of (0.01 N/m2) in both wave dissipation and mud mass transport leading to small ranges of discrepancies. The results from the newly proposed model were compared with the measurements and the results of an existing model in the literature. The proposed model showed better agreements in simulating the mud (instantaneous and mean) velocity compared to the existing one.

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Intratidal and spatial variability over a slope in the Ems estuary: Robust along-channel SPM transport versus episodic events

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Synoptic observations of sediment transport and exchange mechanisms in the turbid Ems Estuary: the EDoM campaign

Synoptic observations of sediment transport and exchange mechanisms in the turbid Ems Estuary: the EDoM campaign

Synoptic observations of sediment transport and exchange mechanisms in the turbid Ems estuary: the EDoM campaign

An Analytical Study on Wave-Current-Mud Interaction

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