Intrathymic and other anomalous courses of the left brachiocephalic vein in the fetus

Karl, K.; Sinkovskaya, Elena; Abuhamad, Alfred; Chaoui, Rabih

doi:10.1002/uog.15795

Cited by 25 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…In contrast to previous cases, the present case did not involve any intracardiac anomaly, and the anomalous course of the LBCV was lower at the level of, and posterior to, the descending aorta, which is the convergence point of the aortic and ductal arches. As demonstrated in the present case, the right aortic arch, left‐sided ductus arteriosus, ALSCA and retroesophageal LBCV can be observed easily on 3D/4D color Doppler with HDlive mode, facilitating understanding of the spatial relationships within these variants.…”

contrasting

confidence: 96%

“…Retroesophageal or retrotracheal left brachiocephalic vein (LBCV) is a rare anomaly of the LBCV. Other more common anomalous courses of the LBCV include subaortic, retroaortic and intrathymic courses. Since its initial description by Yigit et al ,.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since its initial description by Yigit et al ,. computed tomographic examination of retroesophageal LBCV in children and prenatal evaluation of fetal retrotracheal LBCV with complex cardiac anomaly have been reported. Although rare, cardiologists should be familiar with retroesophageal LBCV, as it may affect cardiac intervention after delivery.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fetal retroesophageal left brachiocephalic vein with U‐shaped vascular ring on four‐dimensional color Doppler ultrasound

Han

Hao

2018

Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne

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Retroesophageal or retrotracheal left brachiocephalic vein (LBCV) is a rare anomaly of the LBCV. Other more common anomalous courses of the LBCV include subaortic, retroaortic and intrathymic courses 1,2 . Since its initial description by Yigit et al. 3 , computed tomographic examination of retroesophageal LBCV in children 4 and prenatal evaluation of fetal retrotracheal LBCV with complex cardiac anomaly 2 have been reported. Although rare, cardiologists should be familiar with retroesophageal LBCV, as it may affect cardiac intervention after delivery 5 . Here, we report on a case of fetal retroesophageal LBCV, with a right aortic arch and left-sided ductus arteriosus, observed on three-/four-dimensional (3D/4D) color Doppler with HDlive mode.A 28-year-old pregnant Chinese woman (gravida 2, para 0) was referred to our maternal-fetal medicine center

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confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fetal retroesophageal left brachiocephalic vein with U‐shaped vascular ring on four‐dimensional color Doppler ultrasound

Han

Hao

2018

Ultrasound in Obstet & Gyne

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“…La incidencia se estima, aproximadamente, en 0.3-0.5% de la población general; el grupo de alto riesgo es de 0.9%, aproximadamente, 3 y en 3-10% de pacientes con cardiopatías congénitas. 1,8 Nuestra incidencia en población de bajo riesgo es menor que la reportada previamente (0.15%).…”

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et al. 2021

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OBJETIVO: Describir las anomalías asociadas y las repercusiones perinatales de la persistencia de la vena cava superior izquierda en el feto y revisar la bibliografía.MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo efectuado de enero de 2009 a diciembre 2012 en la Unidad de Diagnóstico Prenatal del Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología del Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet de Zaragoza, España. El estudio incluyó a todos los fetos con diagnóstico prenatal de persistencia de la vena cava superior izquierda establecido durante los controles gestacionales ecográficos.RESULTADOS: Se diagnosticaron 21 casos de persistencia de la vena cava superior izquierda entre las 20 y 35 semanas de embarazo. El 29% de los casos se detectó en la ecografía de las 20 semanas; 9 casos (43%) tuvieron anomalías cardiacas o extracardiacas asociadas y en 2 casos (10%) se encontró, además, trisomía 21, ambos con anomalías cardiacas asociadas. En 4 casos (19%) no hubo vena cava superior derecha. En los casos aislados la evolución fue favorable.CONCLUSIONES: Puesto que la persistencia de la vena cava superior izquierda se asocia, frecuentemente, con anomalías cardiacas y extracardiacas está justificada la ecografía morfológica fetal detallada y una ecocardiografía con posterior seguimiento antenatal. Si es aislada, la evolución obstétrica y el pronóstico perinatal serán favorables, como ha sucedido en los casos de persistencia de la vena cava superior izquierda aislados, con ausencia de vena cava superior derecha.PALABRAS CLAVE: Vena cava superior; vena cava superior izquierda; trisomía 21, ultrasonido; ecocardiografía fetal.

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“…That could consequently lead to a displacement of the right SVC toward the right side of the thorax, and therefore more tissue of the mediastinum is present between the right SVC and the aorta. In fact, Karl et al, evaluating the course of the left brachiocephalic vein in over one thousand fetuses, reported that the absence of the left brachiocephalic vein in association with a persistent left SVC was found in one in 350 pregnancies . Furthermore, venous return from the upper left head and neck through the persistent left SVC drains into the coronary sinus and eventually into the right atrium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gap between the aorta and the superior vena cava: A sonographic sign of persistent left superior vena cava and associated abnormalities

Wertaschnigg

Rolnik

Ramkrishna³

et al. 2019

Prenatal Diagnosis

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Objectives To assess the distance between the right superior vena cava (SVC) and the aorta in fetuses with bilateral superior vena cava as a possible sonographic marker for this. Methods This was a nested case‐control study including 20 cases of bilateral SVC and 40 gestational age‐matched controls. The distance between the right SVC and the aorta was measured at the level of the three‐vessel trachea view in stored images, as well as the diameters of the aorta and the right SVC. Results The distance between the aorta and the right SVC was significantly larger in the cases of a left SVC compared with controls, P < .001. A distance of 2.0 mm or more was found in 70% of the cases and 5% of the controls, with a gestational‐age adjusted area under the receiver‐operating characteristics (ROC) curve for the diagnosis of left SVC of 0.93 (95% CI 0.87‐0.99). The aorta and the right SVC were significantly smaller in cases compared with controls, and there was a significant association with other cardiac and extracardiac abnormalities amongst cases of persistent left SVC. Conclusion An increased distance between the aorta and the right SVC is associated with the diagnosis of bilateral SVC.

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Intrathymic and other anomalous courses of the left brachiocephalic vein in the fetus

Cited by 25 publications

References 21 publications

Fetal retroesophageal left brachiocephalic vein with U‐shaped vascular ring on four‐dimensional color Doppler ultrasound

Fetal retroesophageal left brachiocephalic vein with U‐shaped vascular ring on four‐dimensional color Doppler ultrasound

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The gap between the aorta and the superior vena cava: A sonographic sign of persistent left superior vena cava and associated abnormalities

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