Intrathecal Morphine Reduces the Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Isoflurane in the Rat

Drasner, Kenneth; Bernards, Christopher M.; Ciriales, R.

doi:10.1097/00000542-198709001-00670

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In rats, orally administered melatonin potentiates the anesthetic effects of thiopental and ketamine [119]. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg melatonin significantly reduced minimal alveolar concentration for isoflurane in rats by 24% when compared with controls [120].…”

Section: Utility Of Melatonin In Children After the Perinatal Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on the use of melatonin in pediatrics

Gitto

Aversa

Reíter

et al. 2010

Journal of Pineal Research

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: Melatonin, an endogenously produced indoleamine, is a highly effective antioxidant, free radical scavenger, and a primary circadian regulator. Melatonin has important antioxidant properties owing to direct and indirect effects. It directly scavenges reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species, prevents molecular oxidation, improves mitochondrial physiology, and restores glutathione homeostasis. Its indirect antioxidant effects stem from its ability to stimulate the activities of the enzymes involved in the glutathione cycling and production. Melatonin, by reducing free radical damage, may be an effective protective agent for the fetus as it is in adults. Several clinical studies on melatonin have shown that it reduces oxidative stress in human newborns with sepsis, hypoxic distress, or other conditions, where there is excessive free radical generation. A role of melatonin in infant development has also been suggested. Pineal dysfunction may be associated with deleterious outcomes in infants and may contribute to an increased prevalence of sudden infant death syndrome. Delayed melatonin production is evident in infants who had experienced an apparent life‐threatening event. Melatonin has been used as a pharmacologic treatment for insomnias associated with shift work, jet lag, and delayed sleep onset in adults for decades. In children as well, melatonin has value as a sleep‐promoting agent. Evidence suggests that melatonin has utility as an analgesic agent presumably related to its ability to release β‐endorphin. The data support the notion that melatonin, or one of its analogs, might find use as an anesthetic agent in children.

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Section: Utility Of Melatonin In Children After the Perinatal Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on the use of melatonin in pediatrics

Gitto

Aversa

Reíter

et al. 2010

Journal of Pineal Research

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“…16 Previous studies have shown that a reduction of the MAC of volatile agents is caused by opioids administered intrathecally or extradurally in both rats and humans. [11][12][13][14] For example, Drasner and colleagues reported that 0.75 mg morphine injected intrathecally in rats produced a 40% reduction in the MAC of halothane, 11 and more recent work has indicated that the extradural administration of morphine (4 mg) decreased the MAC of halothane by 28% in humans. 14 It has also been reported that the MAC of halothane is reduced in a dose-related manner by fentanyl administered extradurally in man.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5] Recent work has suggested that the spinal cord is one of the principal sites of action of inhalation anaesthetic agents, [6][7][8][9] and this has been summarized by Eger and associates. 10 Although previous studies have shown that opioids administered spinally can reduce the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of inhalation agents in humans and animals [11][12][13][14] the nature of their combined effect, that is whether additive or interactive, has not been investigated. We have tested the hypothesis that an inhalation anaesthetic and an opioid administered intrathecally act synergistically to depress nociceptive responses.…”

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confidence: 99%

Synergistic antinociceptive interaction between sevoflurane and intrathecal fentanyl in dogs

Sapsed-Byrne

Chakrabarti

et al. 1998

British Journal of Anaesthesia

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This study determined the nature of the antinociceptive interaction between sevoflurane and intrathecal fentanyl on somatosympathetic reflexes in anaesthetized dogs. Afferent A delta- and C-fibre-mediated somatosympathetic reflexes, evoked by supramaximal electrical stimulation of tibial nerves, were recorded from renal sympathetic nerves. The effect of fentanyl alone, administered intrathecally (i.t.) in incremental doses from 2 to 64 micrograms, was compared with the effect of the same doses during the administration of 1.5% sevoflurane. The mean ED50s for the depressant effect of fentanyl (i.t.) on A delta and C reflexes were 35.6 micrograms and 14.2 micrograms while 1.5% sevoflurane, when administered alone, depressed them by 15.5% (P < 0.05) and 27.5% (P < 0.01) respectively. During the administration of 1.5% sevoflurane, the mean ED50s of fentanyl (i.t.) for the depression of A delta and C reflexes were reduced by 76% and 75%, to 8.5 micrograms and 3.5 micrograms respectively. The combined antinociceptive effects of sevoflurane and intrathecal fentanyl were not additive but exhibited a high degree of synergistic interaction.

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“…The effect of epidural morphine sulphate (4 Systemic administration of opiates reduces the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of volatile anaesthetics in animals and humans. 1-3 Intrathecal administration of morphine has been shown to reduce isoflurane MAC in the rat 4 and halothane MAC in humans.…”

Section: Epidural Morphine Reduces Halothane Mac In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidural morphine reduces halothane MAC in humans

Schwieger¹,

Klopfenstein²,

Forster³

1992

Can J Anaesth

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Systemic administration of opiates reduces the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of volatile anaesthetics in animals and humans. 1-3 Intrathecal administration of morphine has been shown to reduce isoflurane MAC in the rat 4 and halothane MAC in humans. 5 Recently, however, in a randomized double-blind study, Licina et al. 6 were unable to confirm these results and observed that intrathecal morphine did not reduce halothane MAC in humans.

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Intrathecal Morphine Reduces the Minimum Alveolar Concentration of Isoflurane in the Rat

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Update on the use of melatonin in pediatrics

Update on the use of melatonin in pediatrics

Synergistic antinociceptive interaction between sevoflurane and intrathecal fentanyl in dogs

Epidural morphine reduces halothane MAC in humans

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