Intrathecal Detergents

Eversole, Urban H.

doi:10.1097/00000542-196201000-00018

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…High pressure and high temperature (HPHT) grown diamond tends to consist of small crystals of a few millimeters in diameter. In 1962, Eversole 19 of the Union Carbide Corporation in the USA discovered that diamond could be deposited on a substrate from a hydrocarbon gas or CO/CO 2 mixture by CVD at low pressures and temperatures where diamond is a metastable phase with respect to graphite. However, this method only produces a very low yield of diamond.…”

Section: Chemical Vapor Deposition (Cvd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Boron-doped diamond electrode: synthesis, characterization, functionalization and analytical applications

Luong¹,

Male²,

Glennon³

2009

Analyst

399

249

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In recent years, conductive diamond electrodes for electrochemical applications have been a major focus of research and development. The impetus behind such endeavors could be attributed to their wide potential window, low background current, chemical inertness, and mechanical durability. Several analytes can be oxidized by conducting diamond compared to other carbon-based materials before the breakdown of water in aqueous electrolytes. This is important for detecting and/or identifying species in solution since oxygen and hydrogen evolution do not interfere with the analysis. Thus, conductive diamond electrodes take electrochemical detection into new areas and extend their usefulness to analytes which are not feasible with conventional electrode materials. Different types of diamond electrodes, polycrystalline, microcrystalline, nanocrystalline and ultrananocrystalline, have been synthesized and characterized. Of particular interest is the synthesis of boron-doped diamond (BDD) films by chemical vapor deposition on various substrates. In the tetrahedral diamond lattice, each carbon atom is covalently bonded to its neighbors forming an extremely robust crystalline structure. Some carbon atoms in the lattice are substituted with boron to provide electrical conductivity. Modification strategies of doped diamond electrodes with metallic nanoparticles and/or electropolymerized films are of importance to impart novel characteristics or to improve the performance of diamond electrodes. Biofunctionalization of diamond films is also feasible to foster several useful bioanalytical applications. A plethora of opportunities for nanoscale analytical devices based on conducting diamond is anticipated in the very near future

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Section: Chemical Vapor Deposition (Cvd)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Boron-doped diamond electrode: synthesis, characterization, functionalization and analytical applications

Luong¹,

Male²,

Glennon³

2009

Analyst

399

249

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“…Almost concurrently in the 1950s the two vastly different techniques of high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) 3 and chemical vapour deposition (CVD) were pioneered. Doing away with the extreme conditions required during HPHT, the low pressure, kinetically governed growth process of CVD was successfully developed by Eversole and independently by Angus et al and Deryagin et al 4 Unreported till the early 1960s, the first work published on the technique by Eversole demonstrated the successful deposition of diamond on natural diamond powder under less than atmospheric pressure using thermally decomposed hydrocarbons or carbon monoxide 5,6,7 . The subsequent introduction of hydrogen in the gas phase in 1966 8 as an etchant of non-diamond sp 2 carbon, first as molecular hydrogen 9 and then disassociated through either the use of a hot filament 10 or plasma activation 11 , then made CVD a viable method for the growth of high quality diamond.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple, space constrained NIRIM type reactor for chemical vapour deposition of diamond

et al. 2018

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In this paper the design of a simple, space constrained chemical vapour deposition reactor for diamond growth is detailed. Based on the design by NIRIM, the reactor is composed of a quartz discharge tube placed within a 2.45 GHz waveguide to create the conditions required for metastable growth of diamond. Utilising largely off-the-shelf components and a modular design, the reactor allows for easy modification, repair, and cleaning between growth runs.The elements of the reactor design are laid out with the CAD files, parts list, and control files made easily available to enable replication. Finally, the quality of nanocrystalline diamond films produced are studied with SEM and Raman spectroscopy, with the observation of clear faceting and a large diamond fraction suggesting the design offers deposition of diamond with minimal complexity.

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“…Making diamond pieces larger than a few square millimetres is still not possible by this route. In 1949, American researcher William Eversole [3] from Union Carbide Corporation first ever documented low pressure growth of diamond from carbon monoxide gas onto diamond seeds, even before General Electric's HPHT discovery in 1954. Russian researchers independently confirmed results of Eversole in 1969.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Seed Size, Suspension Recycling and Substrate Pre-Treatment on the CVD Growth of Diamond Coatings

Mallik¹,

Bysakh²,

Bhar³

et al. 2015

OJAppS

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CVD growth of uniform conformal polycrystalline diamond (PCD) coatings over complex three dimensional structures is very important material processing technique. It has been found that the nucleation and subsequent growth period is very critical for successful development of CVD diamond based technologies. There are many methods of enhancing diamond nucleation on foreign substrates-ultrasonic treatment with diamond seed suspension being the best among them. A combination of ultrasonic seeding (US) technique with prior treatment (PT) of the substrate under CVD diamond growth conditions for brief period of time, has found to be very effective in enhancing the diamond nucleation during CVD growth-together they are known as NNP. But successive usage of the same seeding suspension up to ten cycles deteriorates the seeding efficiency. 6 th seeding cycle onwards the silicon substrates are barely get covered by diamond crystallites. Five different diamond micron grits were used for seeding the silicon substrates and it is observed that US with the sub-micron particles (0.25 µm) is very effective in efficient nucleation of PCD on Si substrates. PT of the substrate somewhat negates the effect of successive use of the same seeding slurry but it is best to avoid recycling of the same seeding suspension using micron size diamond grits.

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Intrathecal Detergents

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Boron-doped diamond electrode: synthesis, characterization, functionalization and analytical applications

Boron-doped diamond electrode: synthesis, characterization, functionalization and analytical applications

A simple, space constrained NIRIM type reactor for chemical vapour deposition of diamond

Effect of Seed Size, Suspension Recycling and Substrate Pre-Treatment on the CVD Growth of Diamond Coatings

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