Intraspecific variation in the phlorotannin content of the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum

Pavia, Henrik; Toth, Gunilla B.; Lindgren, A.; Åberg, Per

doi:10.2216/i0031-8884-42-4-378.1

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Correlation analyses of blade phlorotannin content of the four kelp species with irradiance, nitrate, and ammonium dem- ability in phlorotannin content in the studied kelps is also similar to other observations of substantial differences within (e.g., Pavia et al 2003, Fairhead et al 2005, Iken et al 2007) and between (e.g., Ragan andGlombitza 1986, Van Alstyne et al 1999) species. L. vincta was overall more abundant in the summer than winter, indicating seasonal rather than continuous recruitment in the study area (also see Maney andEbersole 1990, Martel andChia 1991).…”

Section: Phlorotannin Relationships With Grazer Density and Environmesupporting

confidence: 86%

Seasonal variation in kelp phlorotannins in relation to grazer abundance and environmental variables in the Alaskan sublittoral zone

Dubois¹,

Iken²

2012

ALGAE

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Phlorotannins are common metabolites produced in kelps that can have deterrent functions against grazers. The factors dictating seasonal patterns of phlorotannin content in northeastern Pacific kelps are not well understood. This study assessed density and grazing of the gastropod Lacuna vincta on the annual canopy-forming kelp Nereocystis luetkeana and the perennial understory species Agarum clathratum, Saccharina latissima and S. groenlandica in Kachemak Bay, Alaska. In addition, we assessed seasonal patterns of environmental variables as possible drivers of phlorotannin concentrations. Phlorotannins occurred in all species, with overall lowest levels in N. luetkeana, and with different seasonal patterns among the four species. Lacuna vincta was most dense on N. luetkeana thalli in the summer and had highest grazing rates on this low-phlorotannin species. However, correlations between L. vincta density and phlorotannin content of each kelp species were not significant. Except for N. luetkeana, there were no correlations between phlorotannin levels and environmental variables. We suggest that kelp life history traits may be more important for phlorotannin patterns in these kelp species than grazers or environmental drivers.Key Words: environmental variables; grazers; kelps; life history; phlorotannins INTRODUCTIONKelps (Order Laminariales) form the basis of essential habitats in temperate coastal ecosystems because of their high productivity and function as spawning and nursery grounds for many invertebrate and fish species (Steneck et al. 2002). However, intense grazing can severely compromise kelp abundance and function (Scheibling et al. 1999). Mesograzers of the nearshore marine environment such as gastropods (Iken 1999, Granado andCaballero 2001) are capable of affecting the growth and reproductive abilities of individual macroalgal species (Dean et al. 1984, Dethier et al. 2005 and even the composition and density of macroalgal communities (Carney et al. 2005). Mesograzer habitat and food choice is often attributed to algal morphological characteristics like shape, size and tissue toughness (Littler and Littler 1980, Steneck and Watling 1982, Hay et al. 1994, and to chemical properties related to nutritive value (Cruz-Rivera and Hay 2003) and anti-herbivore defense (Paul et al. 2001, Amsler 2008.Kelps usually contain phlorotannins, phloroglucinolbased polymers present in most brown algae (Ragan and Glombitza 1986, Amsler andFairhead 2006), which have primary metabolic roles in wound healing (Lüder and Clayton 2004) and cell wall construction (Schoenwaelder and Clayton 1999). Phlorotannins also have been assigned secondary functions such as protection against UV radiation (Pavia et al. 1997), bacterial and fungal growth and fouling (Ragan and Glombitza 1986, Wikström and Pavia 2004 10 MATERIALS AND METHODS Study species and sitesField studies occurred off the western end of Hesketh Island (59°30.3′ N, 151°31.8′ W) within Kachemak Bay, south-central Alaska. The study site was located on exposed shores ap...

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Section: Phlorotannin Relationships With Grazer Density and Environmesupporting

confidence: 86%

Seasonal variation in kelp phlorotannins in relation to grazer abundance and environmental variables in the Alaskan sublittoral zone

Dubois¹,

Iken²

2012

ALGAE

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“…In part, the apparently weak density effects on growth may be due to the experimental design. Previous limpet enclosure experiments used narrower size ranges of individuals (Thompson et al 2000b, Boaventura et al 2002, 2003. This will have reduced variability among replicates to a greater extent than the analysis of residuals used in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Typical phlorotannin concentrations in A. nodosum are ca. 5% of dry weight (Pavia et al 2003), with the majority of variation in concentration occurring at small spatial scales (within genets rather than between geographical areas; Pavia et al 2003 Table 1. General linear models on (a) residual growth rate (Rr) and (b) limpet Patella vulgata mortality at the end of the experiment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Crab claw marks on wax replica limpets provide evidence of the potential importance of predation on limpet populations (Thompson et al 2000a), whilst the clumping behaviour of P. vulgata has been taken as evidence of a selective pressure to reduce predation risk (Coleman et al 1999). Finally, per capita reductions in food availability can lead to starvation and mortality (Thompson et al 2000b, Boaventura et al 2002, 2003. Although limpets can survive for short periods on stored food reserves (Santini et al 1995), they will eventually starve and die (Thompson et al 2000b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Subsidy by Ascophyllum nodosum increases growth rate and survivorship of Patella vulgata

Davies¹,

Johnson²,

Maggs³

2008

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…In the brown algae, the low phlorotannins level can be ≤ 1%, while the high level can be ˃ 15% of the dry weight. Those levels are correlated with the taxonomy and biogeography [18]. In addition, many studies have shown that the brown algae in the tropical climates have the phenolic level which is smaller than in the subtropical climates [19].…”

Section: Determination Of Total Phenolicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Lipid Peroxidation Induced by Ultraviolet Radiation by Crude Phlorotannis Isolated from Brown Algae <i>Sargassum hystrix v. buxifolium</i> C. Agardh

Harnita¹,

Santosa²,

Martono³

et al. 2013

Indones. J. Chem.

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This study examines the antioxidant activity of crude phlorotannins from the brown algae Sargassum hystrix v. buxifolium (Chauvin) J. Agardh, through the inhibition of a lipid peroxidation reaction that is induced by the UV radiation. The antioxidant activity during the UV exposure was investigated using the laser-based photoacoustic method for the detection of the ethylene as indicator for lipid peroxidation. This involves an experiment that isolated crude phlorotannins from the ethyl acetate fraction of the Sargassum hystrix methanol extract, hereafter referred to as PFSH. It results in the antioxidant activity as a potent lipid peroxidation inhibitor. Statistically, such antioxidant activity is not significantly different than the commercial antioxidant, which is vitamin C (p > 0.05). The amount of the total phlorotannins, using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, was measured to be approximately 0.13% w/w. In addition, it is found that PFSH contains phlorotannins with low molecular weight (MW) (<1000 Da). Keywords

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Intraspecific variation in the phlorotannin content of the brown alga Ascophyllum nodosum

Cited by 34 publications

References 26 publications

Seasonal variation in kelp phlorotannins in relation to grazer abundance and environmental variables in the Alaskan sublittoral zone

Seasonal variation in kelp phlorotannins in relation to grazer abundance and environmental variables in the Alaskan sublittoral zone

Subsidy by Ascophyllum nodosum increases growth rate and survivorship of Patella vulgata

Inhibition of Lipid Peroxidation Induced by Ultraviolet Radiation by Crude Phlorotannis Isolated from Brown Algae <i>Sargassum hystrix v. buxifolium</i> C. Agardh

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