Intraspecific pod and seed trait variation of two herbaceous legume seeds in response to competing neighbours and nutrient resource abundance

A heterogeneous distribution of nutrients in the soil and the root interactions of crops coexist in agroecosystems. A ‘root splitting’ approach, i.e., splitting the root system into different nutrient compartments, was used to study nutrient heterogeneity distributions and root interactions. We evaluated root foraging behavior, individual growth, and root development mechanisms in response to soil nitrogen heterogeneity, and intraspecific competition in maize. A heterogeneous distribution of nitrogen increased the foraging precision of roots at flowering and mature stages (Foraging precision > 1), and significantly increased root biomass and surface area on the intraspecific competition and no competition on the high nitrogen side. The heterogeneous distribution had no effect on yield, total root biomass, specific root length, total surface area, or average diameter. Intraspecific competition increased inter-crop competition (RII < 0) and reduced total root biomass, total plant biomass, and the root/shoot ratio. These results inform root trait development studies and provide valid evidence for optimizing and managing fertilizer application in agroecosystems, helping to maximize crop yield and nutrient use efficiency.

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Responses of Maize (Zea mays L.) Roots to Nitrogen Heterogeneity and Intraspecific Competition: Evidence from a Pot Experiment Using the ‘Root Splitting’ Approach

Zhou

Zhu

et al. 2022

Agronomy

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Fitness and Rhizobacteria of F2, F3 Hybrids of Herbicide-Tolerant Transgenic Soybean and Wild Soybean

Liang

Sheng

et al. 2022

Plants

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The introduction of herbicide-tolerant (HT) transgenic soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) into farming systems raises great concern that transgenes may flow to endemic wild soybeans (Glycine soja Sieb. et Zucc.) via pollen, which may increase the ecological risks by increasing the fitness of hybrids under certain conditions and threaten the genetic diversity of wild soybean populations. In order to demonstrate the potential risk of gene flow from the HT soybean to the wild soybean, the fitness of F2 and F3 hybrids obtained from two wild soybean populations (HLJHRB-1, JSCZ) collected from China and the HT soybean was measured under farmland and wasteland soil conditions, as well as with or without weed competition. Compared with their wild progenitors, the F2 and F3 hybrids of HLJHRB-1 displayed a higher emergence rate, higher aboveground dry biomass, more pods and filled-seed plants, as well as better composite fitness under four planting conditions. The F2 and F3 hybrids of JSCZ also displayed a higher emergence rate, higher aboveground dry biomass, more pods, and more filled seeds per plant under mixed planting, whereas these characteristics were lower under pure planting conditions in wasteland and farmland soil. Therefore, the composite fitness of JSCZ hybrids was higher or lower depending on the planting conditions. Furthermore, the soil microbial communities of the F3 of HLJHRB-1, JSCZ, and the wild soybean were investigated with 16S rDNA sequencing, which showed that low alpha diversity of rhizobacteria was relative to high fitness, and Rhizobium played an important role in promoting F3 plant growth.

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Intraspecific pod and seed trait variation of two herbaceous legume seeds in response to competing neighbours and nutrient resource abundance

Cited by 2 publications

References 27 publications

Responses of Maize (Zea mays L.) Roots to Nitrogen Heterogeneity and Intraspecific Competition: Evidence from a Pot Experiment Using the ‘Root Splitting’ Approach

Responses of Maize (Zea mays L.) Roots to Nitrogen Heterogeneity and Intraspecific Competition: Evidence from a Pot Experiment Using the ‘Root Splitting’ Approach

Fitness and Rhizobacteria of F2, F3 Hybrids of Herbicide-Tolerant Transgenic Soybean and Wild Soybean

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