Intraslab versus Interplate Earthquakes as Recorded in Mexico City: Implications for Seismic Hazard

Singh, S. K.; Ordaz, Mario; Pérez‐Campos, Xyoli; Iglesias, A.

doi:10.1193/110612eqs324m

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…A list of 20 earthquakes with largest recorded PGA at station CU in the same period consists of 11 interplate and 9 intraslab earthquakes (Ⓔ Table S1, available in the electronic supplement to this article). Analysis of these recordings reveals that the exceedance rate of PGA from the two types of earthquakes at station CU is about the same (Ordaz and Reyes, 1999;Iglesias et al, 2002;Singh et al, 2015). We note that the PGA of 57 cm=s 2 at station CU during the 2017 earthquake is the largest ever, twice that recorded during the 1985 earthquake (29 Gal).…”

Section: Previous Studies and Critical Role Of Recordings From Statiomentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The awareness of the seismic hazard that intraslab earthquakes pose to Mexican altiplano, especially to Mexico City, has motivated detailed studies of many individual events (Singh and Wyss, 1976, 1996Hernandez et al, 2001;Iglesias et al, 2002;Santoyo et al, 2005; National Autonomous University of Mexico [UNAM] Seismology Group, 2010; Díaz-Mojica et al, 2014), the estimation of ground motion in the city from postulated intraslab earthquakes (Pacheco and Singh, 1995;Singh et al, 1996;Iglesias et al, 2002), the development of ground-motion prediction equations (GMPEs; García et al, 2005;Jaimes et al, 2015), and studies related with source characteristics of such earthquakes as compared with their interplate counterparts (García et al, 2004;Singh et al, 2014Singh et al, , 2015. Many of these studies benefitted from the recordings at a strong-motion station at CU located on basalt lava flows on the main campus of UNAM in Mexico City (Figs.…”

Section: Previous Studies and Critical Role Of Recordings From Statiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For hazard assessment, it is important to know whether the recorded ground motion at CU (and hence, in the metropolitan area of Mexico City) should have been expected or if it was anomalously high. (Singh et al, 2015). *PGA is the quadratic mean of the maximum acceleration on the horizontal components.…”

Section: Ground Motion In Mexico Citymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Deadly Intraslab Mexico Earthquake of 19 September 2017 (Mw 7.1): Ground Motion and Damage Pattern in Mexico City

Singh

Reinoso

Arroyo

et al. 2018

Seismological Research Letters

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In the wake of death and destruction left by the 2017 earthquake in Mexico City, it is natural to ask whether the event was unexpected and anomalous. Although such an intraslab earthquake (M w 7.1; depth 57 km; epicentral distance = 114 km from the city) was considered likely, the recordings in the city during the last 54 yrs reveal that the ground motion during the 2017 earthquake was anomalously large in the critical frequency range to the city (0.4-1 Hz). The intraslab earthquakes occur closer to Mexico City, at greater depth, and involve higher stress drop than their interplate counterparts. Consequently, the ground motion is relatively enriched at high frequencies as compared with that during interplate earthquakes, which is dominated by lower frequency waves (f < 0:5 Hz). This explains the observed difference in the damage pattern during the 2017 and the disastrous interplate earthquake of 1985 (M w 8.0). Electronic Supplement: Figures showing spectral ratios, peak ground acceleration (PGA) and peak ground velocity (PGV) as function of distance R, comparison of observed response spectra SA, and predicted median and 1 s SA from a site-specific ground-motion prediction equation (GMPE) model at CU, plot of accelerograms, Fourier acceleration spectra, and SA at SCT of interplate 1985 M w 8.0 and intraslab 2017 M w 7.1 earthquakes, accelerographic stations in Mexico City, which recorded the 2017 M w 7.1 earthquake, SA of the 2017 earthquake at sites in and near Condesa and Roma colonies, and basis for the estimation of exceedance rate of PGA at CU in Mexico City from intraslab earthquakes, and tables providing a list of 20 (interplate and intraslab) earthquakes with largest recorded PGA at CU in the 1964-2017 period, significant pre-1975 intraslab earthquakes, and a comparison of observed PGA and PGV at CU during the 2017 M w 7.1 earthquake with predictions from GMPE.

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Section: Previous Studies and Critical Role Of Recordings From Statiomentioning

confidence: 60%

Section: Previous Studies and Critical Role Of Recordings From Statiomentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Deadly Intraslab Mexico Earthquake of 19 September 2017 (Mw 7.1): Ground Motion and Damage Pattern in Mexico City

Singh

Reinoso

Arroyo

et al. 2018

Seismological Research Letters

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“…The same is true with its ratio E r / M 0 = 5.7 × 10 − 5 in a large range of seismic moments (even for the value of E r obtained from teleseismic records by the NEIC which is 1 order of magnitude smaller; see last section and Figure 11 of UNAM Seismology Group []). This observation is not surprising for normal‐faulting earthquakes in the subducted Cocos plate, which systematically produce high peak ground accelerations [ García et al ., ; Singh et al ., ]. It seems then to be a paradox that prevents conciliating two main observations: (1) a slow and inefficient rupture process and (2) a remarkably high radiation of short period waves.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We recall that our dynamic source parameters have been retrieved by fitting band‐pass filtered (0.02 Hz–0.25 Hz) seismograms. The corner frequency, f c , of the earthquake, estimated from S wave spectra, is ~0.47 Hz [ Singh et al ., ]. For an ω 2 Brune source model, which assumes an infinite rupture speed, the radiated energy contained in frequencies f < f c is less than 18% of the total [ Singh and Ordaz , ].…”

Section: The Mw 65 Zumpango Earthquakementioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic source inversion of theM6.5 intermediate‐depth Zumpango earthquake in central Mexico: A parallel genetic algorithm

et al. 2014

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We introduce a method for imaging the earthquake source dynamics from the inversion of ground motion records based on a parallel genetic algorithm. The source model follows an elliptical patch approach and uses the staggered-grid split-node method to simulate the earthquake dynamics. A statistical analysis is used to estimate errors in both inverted and derived source parameters. Synthetic inversion tests reveal that the average rupture speed (V r ), the rupture area, and the stress drop (Δτ) may be determined with formal errors of~30%,~12%, and~10%, respectively. In contrast, derived parameters such as the radiated energy (E r ), the radiation efficiency (η r ), and the fracture energy (G) have larger errors, around~70%, 40%, and~25%, respectively. We applied the method to the M w 6.5 intermediate-depth (62 km) normal-faulting earthquake of 11 December 2011 in Guerrero, Mexico. Inferred values of Δτ = 29.2 ± 6.2 MPa and η r = 0.26 ± 0.1 are significantly higher and lower, respectively, than those of typical subduction thrust events. Fracture energy is large so that more than 73% of the available potential energy for the dynamic process of faulting was deposited in the focal region (i.e., G = (14.4 ± 3.5) × 10 14 J), producing a slow rupture process (V r /V S = 0.47 ± 0.09) despite the relatively high energy radiation (E r = (0.54 ± 0.31) × 10 15 J) and energy-moment ratio (E r /M 0 = 5.7 × 10). It is interesting to point out that such a slow and inefficient rupture along with the large stress drop in a small focal region are features also observed in both the 1994 deep Bolivian earthquake and the seismicity of the intermediate-depth Bucaramanga nest.

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Significant duration predictive models developed from strong‐motion data of thrust‐faulting earthquakes recorded in Mexico City

López-Castañeda

Reinoso

2021

Earthq Engng Struct Dyn

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Predictive models for estimating strong-motion duration in sites characterized by soft-soil profiles are presented in this paper. The models were developed using a strong-motion database that includes observations from subduction interface earthquakes that occurred from 1989 to 2020 and recorded in Mexico City, which is located at source-to-site distances up to 600 km. A linear mixed-effects regression model, which is a statistical fitting procedure that allows to consider the correlation structure of grouped data, was used to develop the predictive models. Relative significant duration was selected to measure strong-motion duration. This measure can be directly associated with the accumulation of energy of the ground movement. The proposed predictive models relate relative significant duration with moment magnitude, either hypocentral distance or closest distance to the rupture plane, and dominant period of the soil. Regression analyses were performed grouping the ground-motion data by both seismic event and site class. Model assumptions, such as homoscedasticity, normality, and linearity of effects, were verified from residual analyses. From the results, the expected value of the natural logarithm of relative significant duration was found to be ∼1.2 times greater for an earthquake with a moment magnitude equal to 8.0 than for one of 6.0. An insightful discussion about the sources and character of the uncertainties detected in the proposed predictive models is also presented in this study. The predictive models proposed in this paper are of valuable application in seismic and structural engineering because they allow to circumscribe properly the dimension and randomness of strong-motion duration.

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Intraslab versus Interplate Earthquakes as Recorded in Mexico City: Implications for Seismic Hazard

Cited by 23 publications

References 21 publications

Deadly Intraslab Mexico Earthquake of 19 September 2017 (Mw 7.1): Ground Motion and Damage Pattern in Mexico City

Deadly Intraslab Mexico Earthquake of 19 September 2017 (Mw 7.1): Ground Motion and Damage Pattern in Mexico City

Dynamic source inversion of theM6.5 intermediate‐depth Zumpango earthquake in central Mexico: A parallel genetic algorithm

Significant duration predictive models developed from strong‐motion data of thrust‐faulting earthquakes recorded in Mexico City

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