Intrarenal Blood Flow

Hatch, Fred E.; Johnson, J G

doi:10.1146/annurev.me.20.020169.002143

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The anatomical localisation of these vascular compartments was made by 85Kr autoradiographies taken at various times during the washout of the indicator gas. The present method thus allows the analysis o f the intrarenal hemodynamics in small animals, where the size of the kidney precludes the application of most other methods published so far [5].…”

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Intrarenal Hemodynamics of the Rat Kidney Determined by the Xenon Washout Technique

Grandchamp¹,

Ayer²,

Scherrer³

et al. 1971

Nephron

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The inert gas washout technique of Thorburn et al. has been adapted to the rat. The left kidney was exposed and placed in a micropuncture type lead spoon. A lead ring, a fenestrated lead lid and a suitable collimator absorbed all radioactivity coming from outside the left kidney. Injections of ¹³³xenon were made through a polyethylene aortic catheter. The washout of the radioactive indicator gas was monitored with a 2-inch crystal detector placed above the exposed kidney. By means of ⁸⁵krypton autoradiography the 4 single exponential components of the washout curve of the normal rat kidney were identified with 4 vascular zones of the kidney: the cortex + subcortical area (CP I), the outer medulla (CP II), the inner medulla (CP III) and the hilar fat (CP IV). The following normal values were found for the intrarenal distribution of blood flow (IDBF) and for the local blood flow rates (Fi): 81.7% of total renal blood flow are supplied to CP I, 11.6% to CP II, 3.8% to CP II and 2.7% to CP IV. Local blood flow rates (in ml/min, g of tissue) were 5.21 in CP I, 0.79 in CP II, 0.09 in CP III and 0.13 in CP IV. As compared with other species no significant differences occur in IDBF nor local blood flow rates.

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confidence: 99%

Intrarenal Hemodynamics of the Rat Kidney Determined by the Xenon Washout Technique

Grandchamp¹,

Ayer²,

Scherrer³

et al. 1971

Nephron

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“…Lewis (58) observed large peripheral channels in the injected glomeruli of fetal rabbits, guinea pigs, and sheep and speculated that these could have some functional significance, perhaps providing a more direct channel from afferent to efferent arterioles. Vimtrup The effect on the glomerular blood flow produced by varying renal perfusion is poorly understood (74). Berliner (75), summarizing glomerularperfusionstudies, felt that normal peifusion of the glomerulus is such that all are perfused and none kept in reserve.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations on Tissue Grafts Established in Rabbit Ear Chambers

Hobbs

Cliff

1971

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

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Early experiments using in vivo microscopy on mammalian tissues were reviewed by Clark et al. (1). The introduction of the transparent rabbit ear chamber, first described by Sandison (2, 3) has allowed microscopic observations to be made of the structure and function of a thin layer of living tissue in the mammal for periods up to several years (4).A modification of the Sandison-Clark rabbit ear chamber which allowed the mica cover slip to be removed, exposing the surface of the stable vascular membrane and then replaced, was adapted by Williams (4) to study graft tissue fragments implanted on the membrane. He found that autografts of a wide variety of tissues in fragments less than 1 mm diameter became vascularized by the anastomosis of graft vessels to the chamber vessels immediately beneath, and slowly became incorporated into the membrane. These grafts retained their structure and visible function (5). On the other hand, allograft tissues, with the exceptions of choroid plexus, ciliary body, V2 carcinoma, and to some extent adrenal, did not survive (5).Recently Greenblatt and others (6) established renal allografts in the hamster cheek pouch chamber and described the glomerular blood flow occurring during their brief survival. However, only fetal graft tissues could be used successfully and the glomerular blood flow always followed a preferential path in a relatively direct stream from the afferent to the efferent arterioles. Subsequently he has described fetal and neonatal heart grafts functioning in these chambers (7).With the eventual aim of studying the process of allograft rejection in vivo, we implanted tissues into the rabbit ear chamber b y a method adapted by Cliff et al. (8). Tissues successfully grafted include liver, kidney, myometrium, and thyroid. Materials and MethodsAnimal.--Rabbits used as recipients were obtained from a closed colony of half-lop rabbits maintained at the Australian National University. They were hardy animals with durable half-lop ears 16 cm in length, very suitable for transparent chamber insertion. Donor rabbits were either of a similar strain, though unrelated, or of an albino strain. Animals were fed on * Present address:

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“…Reduced renal blood flow and GFR usually follow marked blood pressure reduction, but autoregulatory mechanisms prevent change with moderate reduction. 13 The effects may vary greatly, depending upon physiologic renal vasoconstriction mediated by the sympathetic nervous system. In animal experiments, whereas renal vasoconstriction follows hemorrhage, similar blood pressure reduction produced by balloon distention of the right atrium after carotid ligation causes little change in renal haemodynamics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diazoxide and renal function in man

Johnson

1971

Clin Pharma and Therapeutics

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In 14 patients with hypertension, 4 mg. at diazoxide per kilogram of body weight iniected intravenously caused an 18 per cent reduction in mean blood pressure, 18 per cent reduction in para‐aminohippurate (PAH) clearance, 27 per cent reduction in inulin clearance, and 50 per cent reduction in uric acid clearance. Marked reduction in urinary sodium, potassium, and chloride excretion occurred. Whereas all of these effects were immediate in onset and sustained, free water clearance fell progressively in over half the subiects and became negative in 7 during the second hour after iniection. There was no correlation between antinatriuresis and change in renal hemodynamics, blood pressure, or tree water clearance. In 6 patients with hypertension, 2 mg. of diazoxide per kilogram injected intravenously caused no change in blood pressure or clearances of inulin or PAH. However, uric acid clearance fell 23 per cent, and clear reductions in urinary electrolyte excretion occurred. In 2 subiects, free water clearance fell progressively and became negative 1.5 to 2.5 hours after iniection. On a constant diet, 300 mg. of diazoxide daily by mouth caused weight gain and sodium retention with minimal change in blood pressure or creatinine clearance. This dosage did not alter free water clearance during sustained water diuresis. The acute antihypertensive effect of diazoxide is associated with reduced renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Antinatriuresis can occur without change in blood pressure or GRF and is probably caused by a direct tubular action of diazoxide. Frequent marked reduction in free water clearance suggests stimulation of pituitary release of antidiuretic hormone. Diazoxide also suppresses tubular uric acid excretion.

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Intrarenal Blood Flow

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Intrarenal Hemodynamics of the Rat Kidney Determined by the Xenon Washout Technique

Intrarenal Hemodynamics of the Rat Kidney Determined by the Xenon Washout Technique

Observations on Tissue Grafts Established in Rabbit Ear Chambers

Diazoxide and renal function in man

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