Intraperitoneal Neutrophil IL-10 production is promoted by interferon γ in a murine model of sepsis model in the acute phase of sepsis

Streptococcus agalactiae glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) elicits multiple cytokines from human cells and has a minor effect on bacterial persistence in the murine female reproductive tract

“…The finding that S. agalactiae rGAPDH effects the production of immune regulatory IL-10 in human cells, which is a master regulator of immunity 21 as well as IL-1Ra 39 that modulates inflammatory responses, expands the known immune regulatory actions of bacterial rGAPDH. Interestingly, more IL-10 was detected at 8h in the TC model compared to the DC model, a response that paralleled lower TNF-a levels in the TC culture model at the early time points tested; perhaps such responses reflect a neutrophil-driven suppressive mechanism, given that IL-10 inhibits production of TNF-a 21 , and neutrophils are significant producers of IL-10 in the context of infection 40 . Our interpretation of the other differences in cytokine responses between the DC and TC co-culture models is that these reflect the presence of neutrophils in the later.…”

“…However, potential interrelationships among cytokine responses to rGAPDH, and the different cell types used in our co-culture models in this study remain hypothetical, so studies of the responses of single cell types in monocultures exposed to S. agalactiae rGAPDH are now warranted. Another interesting observation in this study is that for some cytokines, such as MIP-1a, the levels detected in DC culture were lower after 24 h compared 8 h. We cannot explain this finding but note that following release, cytokines and chemokines have relatively short half-lives [ 40 ]; turnover rates for different cytokines and related proteins can also differ substantially [ 41 ]. Determinants of protein half-life in vitro are multifactorial, encompassing post-transcriptional and post-translational factors [ 42 , 43 ]; determinants that may, conceivably, influence the levels of cytokines detected in our study.…”

Soluble PD-L1 in blood correlates positively with neutrophil and negatively with lymphocyte mRNA markers and implies adverse sepsis outcome

“…Both cytokines were induced by in vitro challenge of whole blood with bacterial burden [10]. Interestingly, in an experimental abdominal murine sepsis model, neutrophil IL-10 production was induced by IFN-γ from CD4 + T cells, thereby dampening local inflammation [40].…”

Disruption of Type I Interferon Signaling Causes Sexually Dimorphic Dysregulation of Anti-Viral Cytokines

“…A growing body of evidence describes the existence of biochemically and physically distinct neutrophil subsets in healthy and pathological conditions [87] . Using flow cytometry, we have recently demonstrated that a subset of neutrophils produced IL-12 and gained surface receptors associated with antigen-presenting cell functions [54] , while other groups characterized a subset of neutrophils that produced IL-10 and functioned as an immunomodulatory cell subset [88] . The current study suggests that a subset of neutrophils may play a regulatory role in cytokine responses to rVSVΔm51 when IFNAR signaling is impaired.…”